Ascites is an abnormal accumulation of fluid within the (peritoneal) cavity. Ascites are caused by a variety of diseases and conditions, for example, cirrhosis of the liver, cancer within the abdomen, congestive heart failure, and tuberculosis.
Types of ascites
Traditionally, ascites is divided into 2 types:
- Transudative and
- Exudative.
This classification is based on the amount of protein found in the fluid. A more useful system has been developed based on the amount of albumin in the ascitic fluid compared to the serum albumin (albumin measured in the blood). This is called the Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient or SAAG.
- Ascites related to portal hypertension (cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, Budd-Chiari) are generally greater than 1.1.
- Ascites caused by other reasons (malignant, pancreatitis) are lower than 1.1.
Causes of ascites
Liver disease or cirrhosis:
The most common cause of ascites is advanced liver disease or cirrhosis. Although the exact mechanism of ascites development is not completely understood, most theories suggest portal hypertension (increased pressure in the liver blood flow to the liver) as the main contributor. The basic principle is similar to the formation of edema elsewhere in the body due to an imbalance of pressure between inside the circulation (high-pressure system) and outside, in this case, the abdominal cavity (low-pressure space). The increase in portal blood pressure and decrease in albumin (a protein that is carried in the blood) may be responsible for forming the pressure gradient and resulting in abdominal ascites.
Salt and water retention:
Other factors that may contribute to ascites are salt and water retention. The circulating blood volume may be perceived as low by the sensors in the kidneys as the formation of ascites may deplete some volume from the blood. This signals the kidneys to reabsorb more salt and water to compensate for the volume loss. Some other causes of ascites related to increased pressure gradient are congestive heart failure and advanced kidney failure due to generalized retention of fluid in the body.
Portal Hypertension:
In rare cases, increased pressure in the portal system can be caused by internal or external obstruction of the portal vessel, resulting in portal hypertension without cirrhosis. Examples of this can be a mass (or tumor) pressing on the portal vessels from inside the abdominal cavity or blood clot formation in the portal vessel obstructing the normal flow and increasing the pressure in the vessel (for example, the Budd-Chiari syndrome).
Cancers:
Ascites can also manifest as a result of cancers, called malignant ascites. This type of ascites is typically a manifestation of advanced cancers of the organs in the abdominal cavity, such as colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer, breast cancer, lymphoma, lung cancer, or ovarian cancer.
Pancreatitis:
Pancreatic ascites can be seen in people with chronic (long standing) pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas). The most common cause of chronic pancreatitis is prolonged alcohol abuse. Pancreatic ascites can also be caused by acute pancreatitis as well as trauma to the pancreas.
Risk factors for ascites
The most common cause of ascites is cirrhosis of the liver. Many of the risk factors for developing ascites and cirrhosis are similar.
The most common risk factors include:
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Long standing alcohol abuse.
Other potential risk factors are related to the other underlying conditions, such as:
- Congestive heart failure.
- Malignancy.
- Kidney disease.
What are the symptoms of ascites?
There may be no symptoms associated with ascites especially if it is mild (usually less than about 100-400 ml in adults). Symptoms that do occur may include:
- As more fluid accumulates, increased abdominal girth and size are commonly seen.
- Abdominal pain, discomfort, and bloating are also frequently seen as ascites become larger.
- Shortness of breath can also happen with large ascites due to increased pressure on the diaphragm and the migration of the fluid across the diaphragm causing pleural effusions (fluid around the lungs).
- A cosmetically disfiguring large belly, due to ascites, is also a common concern of some patients.
Diagnose
The diagnosis of ascites is based on physical examination in conjunction with a detailed medical history to ascertain the possible underlying causes since ascites is often considered a nonspecific symptom of other diseases. If ascites fluid is greater than 500ml, it can be demonstrated on physical examination by bulging flanks and fluid waves performed by the doctor examining the abdomen. Smaller amounts of fluid may be detected by an ultrasound of the abdomen.
The medical history may provide clues to the underlying cause and typically includes questions about the previous diagnosis of liver disease, viral hepatitis infection, alcoholism, heart failure, cancer history, and medication history.
A complete metabolic panel can detect patterns of liver injury, functional status of the liver and kidney, and electrolyte levels. A complete blood count is also useful by providing clues to underlying conditions. Coagulation (clotting) panel abnormalities (prothrombin time) may be abnormal because of liver dysfunction and inadequate production of clotting proteins.
Analysis of the fluid (paracentesis) may be necessary to obtain further diagnostic data. For diagnostic purposes, a small amount (20cc) may be enough for adequate testing. Larger amounts of up to a few liters (large volume paracentesis) can be withdrawn if needed to relieve symptoms associated with abdominal ascites.
The treatment of ascites largely depends on the underlying cause. For example, peritoneal carcinomatosis or malignant ascites may be treated by surgical resection of cancer and chemotherapy, while management of ascites related to heart failure is directed toward treating heart failure with medical management and dietary restrictions. Because cirrhosis of the liver is the main cause of ascites, it will be the main focus of this section.
Diet for ascites
Managing ascites in patients with cirrhosis typically involves limiting dietary sodium intake and prescribing diuretics. Restricting dietary sodium (salt) intake to less than 2 grams per day is very practical, successful, and widely recommended for patients with ascites. In the majority of cases, this approach needs to be combined with the use of diuretics as salt restriction alone is generally not an effective way to treat ascites.
Allopathic medications
Diuretics increase water and salt excretion from the kidneys. The recommended diuretic regimen in the setting of liver-related ascites is a combination of spironolactone and furosemide. A single daily dose of 100 milligrams of spironolactone and 40 milligrams of furosemide is the usual recommended initial dosage. This can be gradually increased to obtain an appropriate response to the maximum dosage of 400 milligrams of spironolactone and 160 milligrams of furosemide, as long as the patient can tolerate the dose increase without any side effects. Taking these medications together in the morning is typically advised to prevent frequent urination during the night.
For patients who do not respond well to or cannot tolerate the above regimen, frequent therapeutic paracentesis can be performed to remove large amounts of fluid. A few liters (up to 4 to 5 liters) of fluid can be removed safely by this procedure each time. For patients with malignant ascites, this procedure may also be more effective than diuretic use.
Specific medical therapies may be applied to many liver diseases in an effort to diminish symptoms and to prevent or forestall the development of cirrhosis. Examples of such treatments include the following:
- Prednisone and azathioprine – For autoimmune hepatitis
- Interferon and other antiviral agents – For hepatitis B and C
- Phlebotomy – For hemochromatosis
- Ursodeoxycholic acid – For primary biliary cirrhosis
- Trientine and zinc – For Wilson disease
Once cirrhosis develops, treatment is aimed at the management of complications as they arise. Examples include the following:
- Hepatorenal syndrome – Kidney function usually recovers when patients with cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome undergo liver transplantation; patients with early hepatorenal syndrome may be salvaged by aggressive expansion of intravascular volume with albumin and fresh frozen plasma and by avoidance of diuretics
- Hepatic encephalopathy – Pharmacologic treatment includes the administration of lactulose and antibiotics
- Ascites – Treatment can include sodium restriction and the use of diuretics, large-volume paracentesis, and shunts (peritoneovenous, portosystemic, trans jugular intrahepatic portosystemic)
Surgery 
For more refractory cases, surgical procedures may be necessary to control the ascites. Trans jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) are a procedure done through the internal jugular vein. A shunt is placed between the portal venous system and the systemic venous system thereby reducing the portal pressure. This procedure is reserved for patients who have minimal response to aggressive medical treatment. It has been shown to reduce ascites and either limit or eliminate the use of diuretics in a majority of cases performed. However, it is associated with significant complications such as hepatic encephalopathy (confusion) and even death.
More traditional shunt placements (peritoneovenous shunt and systemic portosystemic shunt) have been essentially abandoned due to their high rate of complications.
Liver transplant
Liver transplantation for advanced cirrhosis may be considered a treatment for ascites due to liver failure. A liver transplant involves a very complicated and prolonged process.
Homeopathic Treatment for Ascites, Hepatitis and Cirrhosis
Homeopathic medicine treats the underlying cause of ascites (cirrhosis of liver, bacterial and/or viral infections, genetic tendency, alcoholism and metabolic changes etc). Homeopathy helps to control the scarring of tissues and starting treatment with Homeopathy at the early stage (compensated stage) it is possible to restore the altered function of the liver. In later stage, it can halt the further progress of the disease and prevent complication of portal hypertension.
For allopath’s ascites is a surgical condition, but it can be corrected by well selected Homoeopathic medicines. In Homeopathy, there is not any concept of surgery for almost 99% of diseases. This constitutional approach framing mind and body works at the root-level and will help strengthen all organs. For ascites, there are dozens of well proven medicines, very few of them are as under:
Natrium Muriaticum
Loose flesh. Heartburn, with palpitation. Unquenchable thirst. Sweats while eating. Craving for salt. Aversion to bread, to anything slimy, like oysters, fats. Throbbing in pit. Sticking sensation in cardiac orifice. Cutting pain in abdomen. Distended – ascites. Pain in abdominal ring on coughing.
Cardus Marianus
The action of Cardus Marianus has specific relation to the vascular system, liver, and portal system – soreness, pain, jaundice. Alcoholism especially beer. Varicose veins. Diseases of miners. Dropsical conditions depending on liver disease, pelvic congestion and hepatic disease. Ascites. Disturbed sugar metabolism. Influenza when liver is affected. Hemorrhages, especially connected with hepatic disease. Ascetic.
Bleeding consequent to liver damage, liver pain and sensitiveness. Liver Cirrhosis and dropsy. Appetite small; tongue furred; nausea; retching; vomiting of green, acid fluid. Stitches in left side of stomach, near spleen. Gallstone disease with enlarged liver. Pain in region of liver. Fullness and soreness, with moist skin. Constipation; stools hard, difficult, knotty; alternates with diarrhea. Stools bright yellow. Hyperemia of liver, with jaundice.
Urine cloudy; golden-colored. Skin itching on lying down at night. Varicose ulcers.
Clematis Erecta 
Inflammation and vesication. Cancerous and other foul ulcers, inveterate skin eruptions, syphilis, and rheumatism. Beginning of inflammatory stricture. Swelling of inguinal glands. Painful, inflamed, swollen testicles. Dryness of the tongue in the morning. Dull shootings and piercings in the root of the tongue. Small blisters and ulcers on the tongue and in the throat. Expectoration of sanguineous saliva. Convulsive movements of the muscles in different parts of the body. Relaxation of the muscles. Great emaciation. Fatigue of all the limbs. Beatings in all the arteries.
Prolonged satiety, though the food continues pleasant to the taste. After eating, nausea and drowsiness. Disagreeable sensation of coldness in the stomach. Ascites. Pains, stitching pains, as from a bruise in the hepatic region, on touching and on stooping. Frequent, liquid, or loose stools, without colic. Burning and itching at the anus. Polyuria. Purulent urine. Urine turbid, milky, dark, with flakes of mucus and frothy. Gnawing blisters on the hands and fingers.
Veratrum Viride
Ravenous appetite. Very thirsty, drinks little. Eructation: frequent and acrid, sour risings. Nausea and dizziness, followed by heat of surface. Vomiting: profuse of thick, glairy mucus; of food; of bile; with collapse and cold sweat. Twisting-tearing waving pain in stomach. Dull, heavy aching in region of gallbladder; and liver region. Severe cutting aching pains, with rumbling; dull aching; distress. Ascites. Peritonitis when pulse is hard and firm. Tenesmus and diarrhea, copious and offensive stool, with burning of anus and pale face. Sudden excessive tenesmus. Stools: copious, light, mornings; mushy, with tenesmus and burning; bloody (black in typhoid); doughy, stringy, hard to expel; alternately soft and hard every two hours. Urine: scanty; very clear; turbid, with reddish sediment, and scum.
Silicia Tera
Silica can stimulate the organism to re-absorb fibrotic conditions. Organic changes. Ascites. Sour eructation after eating. Pit of stomach painful to pressure. Vomiting after drinking. Pain or painful cold feeling in abdomen, better external heat. Hard, bloated. Colic; cutting pain, with constipation; yellow hands and blue nails. Much rumbling in bowels. Inguinal glands swollen and painful. Hepatic abscess.
Calcarea Carbonica
Frequent sour eructation; sour vomiting. Loss of appetite when overworked. Heartburn and loud belching. Cramps in stomach; worse, pressure, cold water. Ravenous hunger. Pain and swelling in epigastric region to touch. Ascites. Hyperchlorhydria. Liver region painful when stooping. Cutting in abdomen; swollen abdomen. Incarcerated flatulence. Inguinal and mesenteric glands swollen and painful. Distention with hardness. Gall-stone colic. Increase of fat in abdomen. Stool large and hard; whitish, watery, sour. Diarrhea of undigested, food, fetid, with ravenous appetite. Urine dark, brown, sour, fetid, abundant, with white sediment, bloody. Irritable bladder.
Sepia Officianalis
Tongue white. Taste salty, putrid. Feeling of goneness; not relieved by eating. Nausea at smell or sight of food. Acid dyspepsia with bloated abdomen, sour eructation. Ascites. Flatulent, with headache. Liver sore and painful; relieved by lying on right side. Many brown spots on abdomen. Feeling of relaxation and bearing down in abdomen.
Constipation; large, hard stools. Dark-brown, round balls glued together with mucus. Soft stool, difficult. Urine red, adhesive, sand in urine. Involuntary urination, during first sleep. Chronic cystitis, slow micturition, with bearing-down sensation above pubis.
Cantharis Vesicatoria 
Violent inflammation of the whole gastro-intestinal canal. Gastric, hepatic and abdominal complaints that are aggravated by drinking coffee. Ascites. Tongue covered with vesicles; deeply furred; edges red. Burning in mouth, pharynx, and throat. Tendency to gangrene. Eruption with mealy scales. Vesicular eruptions, with burning and itching.
Vomiting of blood-streaked membrane and violent retching. Thirst unquenchable. Stool shivering with burning. Dysentery; mucous stools, like scrapings of intestines. Bloody, with burning and tenesmus and shuddering after stool.
Urine: Intolerable urging and tenesmus. Nephritis with bloody urine. Violent paroxysms of cutting and burning in whole renal region, with painful urging to urinate. Urine scalds and is passed drop by drop. Polyuria.
Petroleum
Heartburn; hot, sharp, sour eructation. Distention/ascites. Feeling of great emptiness. Hunger, immediately after stool. Nausea, with accumulation of water in mouth. Gastralgia when stomach is empty, relieved by constant eating. Ravenous hunger. Must rise at night and eat. Diarrhea only in the daytime; watery, gushing and itching of anus.
Pulsatilla Pratensis
Greasy taste. Dry mouth, without thirst; wants it washed frequently. Lips dryness. Yellow or white tongue, covered with a tenacious mucus. Offensive odor from mouth. Food, especially bread, tastes bitter. Much sweet saliva. Alternations of taste, bitter, bilious, greasy, salty, foul. Loss of taste. Desire for tonics.
Eructation: taste of food remains a long time; after ices, fruits, pasty. Flatulence. Dyspepsia. Thirstlessness, with nearly all complaints. Vomiting of food eaten long before. Pain in stomach an hour after eating. All-gone sensation, especially in tea drinkers. Waterbrash, with foul taste in the morning.
Abdomen painful, distended, loud rumbling. Ascites. Colic. Stool – rumbling, watery; worse, night – No two stools alike. Dysentery; mucus and blood, with chilliness. Polyuria. Burning in orifice of urethra during and after micturition. Involuntary micturition at night, while coughing or passing flatus.
Mercuris Solibus
Bluish-red swelling. Constant desire to swallow. Putrid eructation. Intense thirst for cold drinks. Weak digestion, with continuous hunger. Stomach sensitive to touch. Hiccough and regurgitation. Feels replete and constricted. Stabbing abdominal pain, with chilliness. Boring pain in right groin. Flatulent distention, with pain. Liver enlarged; sore to touch, indurated. Jaundice. Bile secreted deficiently. Ascites.
Stool greenish, bloody and slimy, worse at night, with pain and tenesmus. Never-get-done feeling. Discharge accompanied by chilliness, sick stomach, cutting colic, and tenesmus. Whitish-gray stools. Urine frequent. Urine dark, scanty, bloody, albuminous.
Chelidonium Majus
A prominent liver remedy, covering many of the direct reflex symptoms of diseased conditions of liver. The jaundiced skin, and especially the constant pain under inferior angle of right scapula, are certain indications. Paralytic drawing and lameness in single parts. The great general lethargy and indisposition to make any effort is also marked. Ailments brought on or renewed by change of weather. Serous effusions. Hydrocele. Bilious complication during gestation.
Tongue yellow, with imprint of teeth; large and flabby. Taste bitter, pasty. Bad odor from mouth. Nausea, vomiting; better, very hot water. Pain through stomach to back and right shoulder-blade. Gastralgia. Eating relieves temporarily, especially when accompanied with hepatic symptoms.
Jaundice due to hepatic and gall-bladder obstruction. Gall-colic. Ascites. Fermentation and sluggish bowels. Constriction across, as by a string. Liver enlarged. Gallstones. Urine profuse, foaming, yellow urine, like beer dark, turbid.
Constipation; stools hard, round balls, like sheep’s dung, bright yellow, pasty; clay-colored, stools float in water; alternation of diarrhea and constipation. Burning and itching of anus.
Dry heat of skin; itches, yellow. Painful red pimples and pustules. Old, spreading, offensive ulcers. Wilted skin. Sallow, cold, clammy.
Lycopodium
Corresponds to Grau ogle’s carbo-nitrogenous constitution, the non-eliminative lithaemic. Lycopodium is adapted more especially to ailments gradually developing, functional power weakening, with failures of the digestive powers, where the function of the liver is seriously disturbed. Atony. Ascites. Malnutrition. Mild temperaments of lymphatic constitution, with catarrhal tendencies, skin shows yellowish spots, earthy complexion, uric acid diathesis etc also, precocious. Food tastes sour. Sour eructation. Great weakness of digestion. Bulimia, with much bloating. Wakes at night feeling hungry. Hiccough.
Deep-seated, progressive, chronic diseases. Carcinoma. Emaciation. Debility in morning. Marked regulating influence upon the glandular (sebaceous) secretions. Pre-senility. Ascites. Lacks vital heat (immune system); has poor circulation, cold extremities. Pains come and go suddenly. Sensitive to noise and odors. Cirrhosis of Liver when the liver has atrophied due to long-standing Cirrhosis. Hepatitis may be predominantly present.
Abdomen is bloated, full. Constant sense of fermentation in abdomen. Liver sensitive. Brown spots on abdomen. Dropsy, due to hepatic disease. Hepatitis, atrophic from of nutmeg liver. Diarrhea. Inactive intestinal canal. Ineffectual urging. Stool hard, difficult, small, incomplete.
Arsenic Album
A profoundly acting remedy on every organ and tissue. Its clear-cut characteristic symptoms and correspondence to many severe types of disease make its homeopathic employment constant and certain.
Liver Cirrhosis with fatigue. Exhausted from little labor. Cannot bear the sight or smell of food. Great thirst; drinks much, but little at a time. Nausea, retching, vomiting, after eating or drinking. Anxiety in pit of stomach. Burning pain. Long-lasting eructation. Vomiting of blood, bile, green mucus, or brown-black mixed with blood. Stomach extremely irritable; seems raw, as if torn. Gastralgia from slightest food or drink. Gnawing, burning abdominal pains; relieved by heat. Liver and spleen enlarged and painful. Ascites and anasarca. Abdomen swollen and painful. Pain as from a wound in abdomen on coughing.
Painful, spasmodic protrusion of rectum. Tenesmus. Burning pain and pressure in rectum and anus. Stool – small, offensive, dark, with much prostration. Dysentery dark, bloody, very offensive. Urine scanty, burning, involuntary. Bladder as if paralyzed. Albuminoids.
Nux Vomica
Nux Vomica is greatest of polychrest. Liver Cirrhosis who has a history of long-term alcoholic abuse, chronic acidity and constipation. Sour mouth taste, and nausea in the morning, after eating. Weight and pain in stomach; worse, eating, sometime after. Flatulence and pyrosis. Sour, bitter eructation. Nausea and vomiting, with much retching. Ravenous hunger. Epigastrium bloated, with pressure s of a stone, loves fats and tolerates them well. Ascites. Dyspepsia. Soreness or stitching pain in liver region.
Bruised soreness of abdominal walls. Flatulent distension, with spasmodic colic. Colic from uncovering. Liver engorged, with stitches and soreness. Colic, with upward pressure, causing short breath, and desire for stool. Weakness of abdominal ring region.
Constipation, with frequent ineffectual urging, incomplete and unsatisfactory; feeling as if part remained un expelled. Alternate constipation and diarrhea-after abuse of purgatives.
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Phosphorus
Phosphorus – a destructive metabolism. Treats yellow atrophy of the liver and sub-acute hepatitis, jaundice in patients. Cirrhosis of Liver, stool very offensive, vomiting of blood, desire for cold drinks, juices and ice creams. Ascites. Hunger soon after eating. Sour taste and sour eructation after every meal. Belching large quantities of wind, after eating. Gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD). Vomiting.
Abdomen feels cold. Sharp, cutting pains. A very weak, empty, gone sensation felt in whole abdominal cavity. Liver congested. Acute hepatitis. Fatty degeneration. Jaundice. Pancreatic disease. Large, yellow spots on abdomen. Very fetid stools and flatus. Long, narrow, hard, difficult to expel. Painless, copious debilitating diarrhea. Green mucus with grains like sago. Involuntary; seems as if anus remained open. Great weakness after stool. Discharge of blood from rectum, during stool. White, hard stools. Bleeding hemorrhoids.
Urine: Hematuria, especially in acute Bright’s disease. Turbid, brown, with red sediment.
Anacordium Oriantale
Painful vesicles in mouth; fetid odor. Tongue feels swollen, impending speech and motion, with saliva in mouth. Burning around lips as from pepper. Weak digestion, with fullness and distention. Empty feeling in stomach. Eructation, nausea, vomiting. Eating relieves the Anacardium dyspepsia. Ascites. Apt to choke when eating or drinking. Abdominal pain as if dull plug were pressed into intestines. Rumbling, pinching, and griping.
Bowels inactive. Ineffectual desire, rectum seems powerless, as if plugged up; spasmodic constriction of sphincter ani; even soft stool passes with difficulty. Itching at anus; moisture from rectum. Hemorrhage during stool.
Natrum Sulphuricum
A liver remedy, especially indicated for the so-called hydrogenous constitution, where the complaints are such as are due to living in damp houses, basements, cellars. Slimy, thick, tenacious, white mucus. Bitter taste, blisters on palate. Vomits sour. Brown, bitter coating on tongue. Yellow complexion. Thirst for something cold. Bilious vomiting, acid dyspepsia, with heartburn and flatulence.
Duodenal catarrh; hepatitis; icterus and vomiting of bile; liver sore to touch, with sharp, stitching pains. Ascites. Flatulency; wind colic in ascending colon; worse, before breakfast. Burning in abdomen and anus. Bruised pain and urging to stool. Diarrhea yellow, watery stools. Loose morning stools, worse, after spell of wet weather. Stools involuntary, when passing flatus. Great size of the fecal mass. Urine loaded with bile. Brisk-dust sediment. Excessive secretion. Diabetes.
Apis Mellifica
Tongue fiery red, swollen, sore, and raw, with vesicles. Scalding in mouth and throat. Tongue feels scalded, red hot, trembling. Gums swollen. Lips swollen. Membrane of mouth and throat glossy, red, shining, and puffy, like erysipelas. Cancer of the tongue. Stomach sore feeling. Thirstless. Vomiting of food. Abdomen sore, bruised on pressure, when sneezing. Extremely tender. Ascites. Peritonitis. Swelling in right groin.
Stool involuntary on every motion; anus seems open. Bloody, painless. Anus feels raw. Hemorrhoids, with stinging pain, after confinement. Diarrhea watery, yellow; cholera infantum type. Cannot urinate without a stool. Dark, fetid, worse after eating. Constipation. Burning and soreness when urinating. Urine suppressed, loaded with casts; frequent and involuntary; stinging pain and strangury; scanty, high colored. Incontinence.
Apocynum Cannabinum
Acts on increased secretions of mucous and serous membranes and acts on cellular tissue, reducing edema ascites and dropsy.
Nausea, with drowsiness. Excessive vomiting. Food or water is immediately vomits. Dull, heavy, sick feeling. Oppression in epigastrium and chest, impeding breathing. Sensation of sinking in stomach. Abdomen bloated. Ascites. Stool watery, flatulent, with soreness in anus; worse after eating. Feeling as if sphincter were open and stools ran right out.
Urine – Turbid, hot, with thick mucus and burning in urethra, after urinating. Little expulsive power. Dribbling. Strangury. Renal Dropsy.
Quassia Amara
Acts on gastric organs as a tonic. Seems to possess marked action on eyes, treating amblyopia and cataract. Pain in right intercostal muscles above the liver. Pressure and stitches in liver, and sympathetically in spleen. Ascites. Atonic dyspepsia, with gas and acidity. Regurgitation of food. Abdomen feels empty and retracted. Dyspepsia after infectious diseases; especially grip, dysentery. Tongue dry or with brown sticky coating. Cirrhosis of liver with ascites. Inclination to yawn and stretch. Sensation of coldness over back. Prostration, with hunger. Cold extremities, with sensation of internal coldness.
Urinary: Excessive desire-impossible to retain urine; copious micturition day and night. As soon as the child wakes up the bed is drenched.
P. S: This article is only for doctors having good knowledge about Homeopathy and allopathy, for learning purpose(s).
For proper consultation and treatment, please visit our clinic.
Location, address and contact numbers are given below.
None of above-mentioned medicine(s) is/are the full/complete treatment, but just hints for treatment; every patient has his/her own constitutional medicine.
To order medicine by courier, please send your details at WhatsApp– +923119884588
Dr. Sayyad Qaisar Ahmed (MD {Ukraine}, DHMS), Abdominal Surgeries, Oncological surgeries, Gastroenterologist, Specialist Homeopathic Medicines.
Senior research officer at Dnepropetrovsk state medical academy Ukraine.
Location: Al-Haytham clinic, Umer Farooq Chowk Risalpur Sadder (0923631023, 03119884588), K.P.K, Pakistan.
Find more about Dr Sayed Qaisar Ahmed at:
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