Poliomyelitis or polio is an infection transmitted via the fecal-oral and oral-oral routes by the poliovirus. Clinicians should suspect polio in patients with acute-onset flaccid paralysis, decreased or absent tendon reflexes, and without sensory or cognitive deficits.
In temperate climates, infections occur more commonly during the late summer and fall. Children younger than 5 face the highest infection risk. Not only unvaccinated, vaccinated individuals too, of any age can become infected.
Poliovirus, enterovirus subtype C, is a small, single positive-stranded ribonucleic acid virus that is acid-resistant, non-enveloped, and encapsulated. This causative agent of acute polio and post-polio syndrome belongs to the family Picornaviridae and reproduces only in humans and some great apes.
Poliovirus is contagious, with seroconversion occurring in more than 90% of household contacts. Wild poliovirus (WPV) has 3 distinct serotypes (1, 2, and 3), each with a slightly different capsid protein (WPV1, WPV2, and WPV3). Surviving an infection confers complete and lifelong immunity, but only to the specific infecting serotype.
Symptoms and environment
Most infections are asymptomatic, with 70% to 95% presenting as a self-limiting flu–like illness. However, up to 1 in 200 cases involve rapid-onset flaccid paralysis, with the potential for lifelong disability or death. Polio persists in areas with poor water, sanitation, and hygiene infrastructure, with sporadic cases reported globally. Following exposure, poliovirus replicates in oropharynx and gastrointestinal tract tissues.
As allopathy has no antiviral treatment for acute poliomyelitis exists, prevention is critical. Paralytic deficits are often permanent, resulting in chronic pain, deformities, weakness, and eventual osteoporosis and fragility fracture if not treated Homeopathically.
Between 25% and 40% of the estimated 12 to 20 million polio survivors worldwide will also develop post-polio syndrome. A diagnosis of post-polio syndrome requires new-onset, progressive muscle weakness or fatiguability, mental fatigue, or pain in a patient diagnosed with poliomyelitis up to 40 years prior. Post-polio syndrome is not contagious and is rarely life-threatening, but it often affects patients’ independence and quality of life.
In a small minority of viremic cases, the virus enters the central nervous system (CNS) by crossing the blood-brain barrier or via peripheral nerve retrograde axonal transport. Depending on the virus type and location of invasion, CNS invasion causes non-paralytic aseptic meningitis in up to 5% of symptomatic infections. CNS invasion can also result in infection and destruction of alpha motor neurons in the anterior horns of the spinal cord, the cranial nerve nuclei of the medulla oblongata, and the pons and midbrain. Inflammatory infiltration of these motor neurons causes cell destruction and eventual glial cell scarring.
Re-infections
For patients who recover from acute polio, regeneration of reversibly damaged neurons, collateral axonal sprouting, and the development of other reparative and compensatory processes can result in the slow improvement of paralysis. Human axons may be able to reinnervate as much as 5 times their original muscle fiber territory. In chronic cases, de-innervated muscles atrophy and cause functional disorders of the limbs, trunk, and respiratory muscles, including the diaphragm. In children, deformities progressively develop due to the influence of muscular imbalances or dysfunction on the growing skeleton. This can result in joint contractures, kyphosis, scoliosis, foot deformities, or leg-length discrepancies. Chronic overloading results in joint instabilities, degenerative changes, and pain.
Following infection, immunocompetent individuals develop complete immunity to poliovirus, which involves various mucosal and humoral immune responses. Mucosal immunity reduces viral replication and excretion, thereby reducing transmission risk. Therefore, patients with B-cell immunodeficiency are at an increased risk of paralytic disease and prolonged shedding. 
Histopathology
Enlarged motor neurons are characteristic but not pathognomonic of infection with poliovirus. In acute poliomyelitis, poliovirus destroys the original innervating neurons in the muscle fibers. Neighboring neurons attempt to reinnervate the denervated tissue; this leaves the surrounding motor units innervating more muscle fibers than before. This extra workload enlarges the affected neuron and is suspected to be part of the fatigue associated with post-polio syndrome later in life.
Diagnosis, History and Physical
Until it is eradicated globally, clinicians must consider polio in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with acute flaccid paralysis. The rapid onset of pure motor deficits without sensory or cognitive involvement following a flu-like prodrome is suggestive of paralytic polio. However, not all patients with acute polio report a prodrome. Various conditions can cause acute onset flaccid paralysis, and the clinician must differentiate between poliovirus infection, other viral infections, and noninfectious causes. Disease caused by “Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses” (cVDPVs) is clinically indistinguishable from that caused by “Wild Polioviruses” (WPVs). More information can be found in the Differential Diagnosis section.
Obtaining a thorough medical history and performing a comprehensive neurological exam are crucial. In addition to a complete review of systems, the history must include the patient’s vaccination status, recent travel, ill contacts, recent attendance at large gatherings, socioeconomic status, and living situation. Clinicians should consider polio in patients with sudden-onset limb weakness and a history of fever or gastrointestinal symptoms. The cranial nerves should be examined, and reflexes, tone, and strength in all limbs should be documented.
Acute or pre-paralytic
The acute, prodromal, or pre-paralytic stage of poliovirus infection is similar to many other viral illnesses; fever, malaise, headache, myalgia, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and sore throat are commonly observed. In almost all cases, the infection resolves in 2 to 10 days without further sequelae. Meningitis develops within a few days after the prodrome resolves. While usually asymptomatic, recurrent fever, neck stiffness, back pain, and muscle spasms may be observed. These symptoms resolve within 2 to 10 days, typically resulting in a rapid and complete recovery. The return of the fever with severe muscle pain, fasciculations, spasms, and hyperreflexia occurring 1 to 3 days after apparent recovery heralds paralytic polio. Weakness or flaccid paralysis ensues in an asymmetric distribution, with proximal to distal progression. Maximum paralysis is reached within 2 to 4 days, rarely progressing further after fever resolution.
The clinical manifestations depend on the site of viral invasion and the extent of viral replication, resulting in paralysis with a variable distribution and severity, affecting whole or parts of muscles or entire muscle groups. In most cases, spinal paralysis results in paralysis of the muscles of the lower limbs and, less commonly, of the arms, trunk, or diaphragm. Autonomic dysfunction occurs infrequently, resulting in bladder emptying problems, constipation, or sweat secretion abnormalities. Poliovirus can invade the bulbar aspect of the brain, affecting the control of breathing and other vital functions, as well as the muscles for facial and eye movements and swallowing. Bulbar invasion can lead to respiratory insufficiency, vegetative crises, tachycardia, hypertension, and collapse. Fortunately, invasion of this severity rarely occurs. 
Evaluation
Rapid investigation of acute flaccid paralysis is critical to identifying a possible polio infection and implementing control measures. Poliovirus infection is assessed through viral cultures or detection of viral ribonucleic acid in stool or throat irrigation or swabs; 2 specimens taken at least 24 hours apart during the first 14 days after the onset of paralysis. Specimens must be maintained at -20 ºC and shipped frozen.
Clinical confirmation of polio requires 1 of the following:
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Poliovirus detected by sequencing of the capsid region of the genome by the CDC Poliovirus Laboratory,
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Poliovirus identified in an appropriate clinical specimen (eg, stool [preferred], cerebrospinal fluid, oropharyngeal secretions) using a validated assay.
Confirmed cases of nonparalytic poliovirus infections are those that meet laboratory but not clinical criteria. Maximum viral excretion in the stool and nasopharyngeal fluids begins 2 to 3 days before (and lasts for a week after) symptom onset. However, the virus may be present in the nasopharyngeal secretions for up to 2 weeks and 3 to 6 weeks in the stool, even in asymptomatic individuals. Finding poliovirus in cerebral spinal fluid is uncommon. A cerebral spinal fluid test result negative for poliovirus does not exclude polio.
Polioviruses undergo reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing following culture to differentiate between wild polio (WPV) and vaccine derived polio (VDPVs). Serology is not helpful due to the high seroprevalence of anti-polio antibodies due to vaccination or previous asymptomatic infection. Researchers continue to seek direct molecular methods to diagnose polio, replacing culture-dependent methods. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spinal cord may identify typical patterns of poliomyelitis and rule out other pathologies, such as spinal cord infarction. Characteristic electromyographic findings develop later in the course of illness.
Allopathic treatment / Management
In allopathy, there is no antiviral therapy existed for poliomyelitis, supportive care is the mainstay of treatment for acute poliomyelitis. Allopathic therapy may include providing medication for fever and irritation, preventing respiratory tract infections, and managing respiratory paralysis via mechanical ventilation if required. Physiotherapists use splints to relieve pain and spasms; splints also play an imperative role in preventing the development of deformities.
Following the acute stage, rehabilitation, exercise, counseling, and education help patients achieve their best functional status. Orthopedic surgery may be warranted to help patients walk and correct factors potentially leading to deformity as the patient grows and ages. Surgery may include joint contracture release, correction of muscle imbalances around the joint to prevent deformities, or correction of deformities. Following phase 1 trials, the capsid inhibitor pocapavir is available for compassionate use in patients who cannot clear the virus due to primary immunodeficiency disorder.
Homeopathic treatment for poliomyelitis
Homeopathy has many well proven medicines for myositis, few are: 
Acid Picricum
Acts upon the generative organs probably through the lumbar centers of the spinal cord. Degeneration of the spinal cord, with paralysis. Prostration, weakness and pain of back, pins and needle sensation in extremities. Neurasthenia. Muscular debility. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis. Myelitis with spasms and prostration. Writer’s palsy. Progressive, pernicious anemia. Uremia with complete anuria.
Lack of will-power; disinclined to work. Cerebral softening. Dementia with prostration, sits still and listless. Burning along spine. Severe spinal weakness. Tired, heavy feeling all over body, especially limbs; worse, exertion. Feet cold. Cannot get warm. Acute descending paralysis.
Oxalicum Acidum
Gastro-enteritis, motor paralysis, collapse, stupor and death. Influences the spinal cord and produces motor paralysis. Pains very violent, in spots worse, motion, and thinking of them. Periodical remissions. Sense of heat in head. Confusion and vertigo. Headache, before and during stool. Hyperesthesia of retina.
Locked-in syndrome. Nervous aphonia with cardiac derangement. Burning sensation in throat. Breathing spasmodic, with constriction of larynx and chest. Aphonia. Paralysis of the tensors of vocal cord. Dyspnea; short, jerking inspirations. Sharp pain through lower region of left lung, extending down to epigastrium.
Extremities: Numb, weak, tingling. Pains start from spine and extend through extremities. Drawing and lancinating pains shooting down extremities. Backache; numb, weak, Myelitis. Muscular prostration. Wrist painful, as if sprained. Lower extremities blue, cold, insensible. Sensation of numbness. Multiple cerebral and posterior spinal sclerosis. Lancinating pains in various parts; jerking pains.
Agaricus Muscarius
Irregular, tumultuous cardiac palpitation. Pulse intermittent and irregular. Cardiac region oppressed. Palpitation with redness of face.
Pain, with sensitiveness of spine to touch; worse in dorsal region. Lumbago; worse in open air. Crick in back. Twitching of cervical muscles. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis. Stiff all over. Pain over hips. Rheumatism better motion. Weakness in loins. Uncertain gait. Neuralgia in locomotor ataxia. Paralysis of upper and/or lower limbs, with spasmodic condition of arms.
Jerking, twitching, trembling, and itching are strong indications. Bone tuberculosis, anemia, chorea, twitching etc. General paralysis. Sensation of needles of ice, pains are accompanied by sensation of cold, numbness and tingling. Symptoms appear diagonally as right arm and left leg.
Mygale Lasiodora
It is quite characteristic of the spider poisons to produce spasmodic diseases. Depressed muscles of the face twitch constantly, the mouth and eye open and close in rapid succession, patient jerks his head to one side, usually the right control over the muscle seems to be lost, If the patient attempts to put his hand to his head it is jerked backwards violently, and words are jerked out in talking, The legs are in motion while sitting, and dragged while attempting to walk. Paralysis.
Uncontrollable Movements of face, arms, and legs, involuntary head movements, throwing the head backward and then forwards are prominent, constant jerking of the head (mostly to the right side). Locked-in syndrome. Shrugging of shoulders. Difficulty in putting out tongue, grating teeth at night.
Argentum Nitricum
This medicine’s neurotic effects are very marked on many brain and spinal symptoms. Incoordination, loss of control and want of balance everywhere, mentally and physically, trembling in affected parts. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis. Explosive belching especially in neurotics. Upper abdominal affections brought on by undue mental exertion. Paraplegia Myelitis and disseminated sclerosis of brain and spinal cord. Intolerance of heat. Sensation of a sudden pinch. Anemia.
Spine sensitive with nocturnal pains, paraplegia; posterior spinal sclerosis. Trembling, with general debility. Paralysis, with mental and abdominal symptoms. Rigidity and debility in calves. Walks and stands unsteadily. Numbness of arms. Post-diphtheritic paralysis. Emotional disturbances cause appearance of hemi-cranial attacks – bones of head feel as if separated.
Calcarea Carbonica
Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis – pain as if sprained; can scarcely rise; from over lifting, pain between shoulder-blades, impeding breathing. Rheumatism in lumbar region/spinal cord; weakness in spine. Curvature of dorsal vertebrae. Nape of neck stiff and rigid. Renal colic. Rheumatoid pains, sharp sticking. Weakness of extremities. Swelling of joints. Burning of soles. Sweat of hands. Arthritic nodes. Soles of feet raw. Feet feel cold and dead at night. Old sprains. Tearing in muscles. 
Cocculus Indicus
Within the sphere of action of Cocculus are many spasmodic and paretic affections, notably those affecting one-half of the body. Affects the cerebrum, will not cure convulsive seizures proceeding from the spinal cord. Painful contracture of limbs and trunk; tetanus. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis.
Cracking of vertebrae. Paralytic pain spine. Pain in shoulder and arms. Pressure in scapula and nape. Stiffness on moving shoulders, spine. Lameness. Trembling and pain in limbs. Arms go to sleep. One-sided paralysis. Hands are alternately hot and cold and numbness. Lower limbs very weak. Inflammatory swelling of spine, knee. Intensely painful, paralytic drawing. Limbs straightened out, painful when flexed.
Capricious. Heavy and stupid. Inclination to sing irresistible. Slow of comprehension. Mind benumbed. Profound sadness. Cannot bear contradiction. Speaks hastily. Very anxious about the health of others.
Conium Maculatum
Conium is an excellent medicine for kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis, difficult gait, trembling, sudden loss of strength while walking, painful stiffness of joints of legs. debility, hypochondriasis, urinary troubles, weakened memory, sexual debility. Dorsal pain between shoulders. Ill effects of bruises and shocks to spine. Coccydynia. Dull aching in lumbar and sacral region.
Extremities heavy, weary, paralyzed; trembling; bands unsteady; fingers and toes numb. Muscular weakness, especially of spine and lower extremities. Perspiration of hands.
Causticum
Manifests its action mainly in chronic rheumatic, arthritic and paralytic affections, indicated by the tearing, drawing pains in the muscular and fibrous tissues, with deformities about the joints, progressive loss of muscular strength, tendinous contractures. Broken down senile.
Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis. Weakness progresses until patient gradually appears paralysis. Local paralysis, vocal cords, muscles of deglutition, of tongue, eyelids, face, urinary bladder and extremities. Stiffness in spine, between shoulders, dull pain.
Sciatica, with numbness. Paralysis of single parts. Heaviness and weakness. Tearing joints. Unsteadiness of muscles of spine, lower extremities, forearm and hand. Numbness; and loss of sensation in hands. Contracted tendons. Burning in joints.
Cina
Dilated pupils; yellow vision. Weak sight. Strabismus. Eyestrain, especially when presbyopia sets in. Pulsation of superciliary muscle. Digging and scratching in ears. Intense, circumscribed redness of cheeks. Pale, hot, with dark rings around eyes. Cold perspiration. White and bluish about the mouth. Grits teeth during sleep. Chorea movements of face and hands. Locked-in syndrome.
Cina is a helpful medicine for paralysis affecting the face and upper limbs. Involuntary movements on the face and around the eyes. Throwing of arms from side to side. The limbs are distorted with jerking and trembling. Weakness of the hands, making it difficult to hold things. Complaints usually appear on one side. Few general symptoms like irritability, screaming, striking and restless sleep may also be present.
Cuprum Metallicum
Jerking, twitching of muscles. Coldness of hands. Cramps in palms. Great weariness of limbs. Cramps in calves and soles. Epilepsy: aura begins in knees. Clenched thumbs. Clonic spasms, beginning in fingers and toes. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis.
Angina pectoris. Slow pulse; or hard, full and quick. Palpitation, precordial anxiety and pain. Fatty degeneration. Suffocative attacks, spasmodic asthma. 
Curare
Muscular paralysis without impairing sensation and consciousness. Paralysis of respiratory muscles. Reflex action diminished. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis. Debility of the aged and from loss of fluids. Catalepsy. Nervous debility. Trismus. Glycosuria with motor paralysis.
Paralysis of respiration on falling asleep. Short breath. Short dry cough, distressing dyspnea. Tired pain up and down spine. Arms weak, heavy. Cannot lift the fingers. Weakness of hands and fingers in pianists. Legs tremble; give way in walking. Debility; paralysis. Catalepsy. Favors development of corns. Reflexes lessened or abolished.
Causticum
A best and prominent medicine for paralysis. Causticum is most indicated when the right side of the body is more affected – the face, tongue, arm, and leg. Marked twisting and jerking of limbs. Locked-in syndrome. An unsteady gait is present with involuntary body movements Weakness of muscles.
Worsening of symptoms may be noted during the night. locked-in syndrome during pregnancy.
Gelsemium Sempervirens
Centers its action upon the nervous system, treating various degrees of motor paralysis, general prostration, dizziness, drowsiness, dullness, and trembling. Slow pulse, tired feeling, mental apathy. Paralysis of various groups of muscles. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis. Post-diphtheritic paralysis. Muscular weakness. Complete relaxation and prostration. Lack of muscular co-ordination. General depression from heat of sun. Sensitive to a falling barometer; cold and dampness brings on many complaints.
Desire to be quiet, to be left alone. Dullness, languor, listless. Delirious on falling to sleep. Dull, heavy pain. Complete relaxation of the whole muscular system. Languor: muscles feel bruised. Every little exertion causes fatigue. Pain in neck, especially upper sterno-cleido muscles. Dull aching in lumbar and sacral region, passing upward. Pain in muscles of back, hips, and lower extremities, mostly deep-seated.
Extremities: Loss of power of muscular control. Cramp in spinal muscles. Professional neuroses. Writer’s cramp. Excessive trembling and weakness of all limbs. Hysteric convulsions. Fatigue after slight exercise. Slowness of breathing, with great prostration. Oppression about chest.
Kalium Carbonicum
Great exhaustion. Stitches in spine and scapula. Back feels weak, stiffness and paralytic. Burning in spine. Severe backache during pregnancy, and after miscarriage. Hip-disease. Pain in nates and thighs and hip joint. Lumbago with sudden sharp pains extending up and down back and to thighs. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis.
Backs and legs give out – uneasiness heaviness and tearing in limbs and jerking. Swelling of knee. Tearing in arms, shoulder and spine. Paralysis from dropsical affections. Limbs go to sleep easily. Tips of toes and fingers painful. Soles very sensitive. Itching of great toe, with pain. Pain from hip to knee. Pain in knees. 
Guaco
Acts on nervous system and female organs. Bulbar paralysis. Syphilis. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis. Spinal irritation. Spinal symptoms most marked and verified. Larynx and trachea constricted, difficult deglutition. Tongue feels heavy, difficult to move.
Urine increased, cloudy, phosphatic. Pain over region of bladder. Pain between scapulae, extending to forearm. Burning in nape of shoulders. Pain along spine; worse, bending. Weariness through hips and lumbar region. Pain in deltoid, shoulders, elbows, arms, and fingers. Pain about hip joint. Legs heavy. Pain in ankle-joints and soles. Paralysis of lower extremities.
Magnesia Phos
For Chorea or Hemiplegia and paralysis when Symptoms are Better During Sleep, Magnesia Phos is an important medicine. Locked-in syndrome. Involuntary shaking of limbs, face, mouth, and head is present. Involuntary movements of limbs along with contortions may also appear.
Sudden forward motion of the head is well-noted, jerking of the mouth and speech is also very defective.
Lathyrus Sativus
Affects the lateral and anterior columns of spinal cord. No pain but reflexes always increased. Paralytic affections of lower extremities; spastic paralysis; lateral sclerosis; Beri-beri. Athetosis. Infantile paralysis. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis.
Depressed; hypochondriacal. Vertigo when standing with eyes closed. Tips of fingers numb. Tremulous, tottering gait. Excessive rigidity of legs; spastic gait. Knees knock against each other when walking. Cramps in legs. Rheumatic paralysis. Gluteal muscles and lower limbs emaciated. Legs blue; swollen, if hanging down. Stiffness and lameness of ankles and knees, toe do not leave the floor, heels do not touch floor, Muscles of calves very tense. Patient sits or stands bent forward, straightens with difficulty.
Nux Vomica
Backache in lumbar region. Burning in spine. Cervical-brachial neuralgia. Bruised pain below scapulae. Sitting and standing is painful. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis. Arms and hands go to sleep. Paresis of arms, with shocks. Legs numb; feel paralyzed; cramps in calves and soles. Partial paralysis, from overexertion. Cracking in all joints during motion. Drags his feet when walking. Sensation of sudden loss of power of arms and legs in the morning.
Strychninum Purum
Its primary function is to stimulate the motor centers and the reflex action of the spinal cord. Spasms of muscles, cramps from an undue reflex excitability of the cord, spasms of the bladder, etc. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis. 
Stimulates the central nervous system, mental activities, special senses rendered more acute. Respiration increased. All reflexes are made more active. Stiffness in muscles, spine, face and neck. Opisthotonos – tetanic convulsions. Explosive nervousness. The pains and sensations come suddenly and return at intervals.
Spasm of muscles about larynx. Excessive dyspnea. Sharp, contractive pains in muscles of chest. Rigidity of cervical muscles. Sharp pain in nape and down spine. Back stiff, violent jerks in spinal column. Icy sensation down spine. Limbs stiff. Rheumatism with stiff joints. Violent jerking, twitching, and trembling. Shocks in the muscles.
Secale Cornitum
Secale Cor is used in cases of paralysis, chorea or Hemiplegia when the chief indication is symptoms beginning in the face and then spreading all over the body. The symptoms may become severe and rise to dance and jumping. Locked-in syndrome. The arms and legs are in constant motion. Head movement from side to side is present, trunk in constant motion, tongue jerks out and speech becomes difficult and indistinct.
Oxalicum Acidum
Numb, weak, tingling. Pains start from spine and extend through extremities. Motor paralysis. Backache; numb, weak, Myelitis. Spinal cord miss shaped. Muscular prostration. Lower extremities blue, cold, insensible. Sensation of numbness. Multiple cerebral and posterior spinal sclerosis. Lancinating pains in various parts; jerking pains. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis. Heart symptoms alternate with aphonia, angina pectoris; sharp, lancinating pain in lung coming on suddenly, depriving of breath. Precordial pains which dart to shoulder. Aortic insufficiency.
Plumbum Metallicum
The great drug for general sclerotic conditions. Lead paralysis is chiefly of extensors, forearm or upper limb, from center to periphery with partial anesthesia or excessive hyperesthesia, preceded by pain. Localized neuralgic pains, neuritis. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis. Hemostasis is interfered with, rapid reduction in number of red corpuscles (hence pallor, icterus, anemia). Constrictive sensation in internal organs. Spinal cord sclerosed. Lightning-like pains; temporarily better by pressure. Paralysis of lower extremities. 
Delirium, coma and convulsions. Hypertension and arteriosclerosis. Progressive muscular atrophy. Infantile paralysis. Locomotor ataxia. Excessive and rapid emaciation. Bulbar paralysis. Important in peripheral affections. Multiple sclerosis, posterior spinal sclerosis. Contractions and boring pain. Nephritis with amaurosis and cerebral symptoms. Gout. Paralysis of single muscles. Stinging, tearing, numbness and pain in limbs; pain or tremor. Paralysis. Feet swollen. Hands and feet cold.
Oxytropis Lamberti
Marked action on nervous system. Trembling, sensation of emptiness. Walks backwards. Congestion of spine and paralysis. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis. Pains come and go quickly. Staggering gait. Reflexes lost. Desires to be alone. Disinclined to work or talk. Worse, thinking of symptoms – depression.
Urging to urinate when thinking of it. Profuse flow. Pain in kidneys. Impotency. Pain in testicles and along spermatic cord and down thighs. Pain along ulnar nerve. Numb feeling about spine. Staggering gait. Loss of co-ordination. Patellar tendon reflex lost. Pains come and go quickly, but muscles remain sore and stiff. 
Secale Cornutum
Produces contraction of the unstriped muscular fibers. Anemic condition, coldness, numbness, petechiae, mortification, gangrene. Debility, anxiety, emaciation, though appetite and thirst may be excessive. Facial and abdominal muscles twitch. Passive, congestive pain (rises from back of head), with pale face. Head drawn back. Falling of hair; dry and gray. Nosebleed, dark, oozing.
Deformed spinal cord. Spinal irritation, kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis, tingling of lower extremities; can bear only slightest covering. Locomotor ataxia. Formication and numbness. Myelitis. Cold, dry hands and feet, feeling of fuzziness in fingers. Trembling, staggering gait. Formication, pain and spasmodic movements. Numbness. Fingers and feet bluish, shriveled, spread apart or bent backwards, numb. Violent cramps. Icy coldness of extremities. Violent pain in fingertips, tingling in toes.
Kali Bromatum
Violent cases of paralysis of any type, locked-in syndrome, chorea or Hemiplegia that arises from fright. Great trembling of hands (Legs and arms are affected). The gait is unsteady, irregular, and staggering (similar to a drunk person walking), facial muscles could be affected, the tongue protrudes with a jerk, and the person can barely speak. All the movements are violent.
Saccharum Lactis (Lactulose)
Amblyopia. Angina pectoris. Body-odor, offensive. Diabetes. Dyspepsia. Earache. Gout. Headache. Hysteria. Labia, soreness of. Nervousness. Neuralgia. Ovaries, affections of. Over-exertion. Ptosis. Sciatica. Sighing. Paralysis. Trembling of whole body. Longing and melancholy. Hysteria in evening, laughing and crying, jumping up and lying down, but could not stand. Locked-in syndrome. Left side of head felt all drawn. Inflammation and awful pain in lower limbs extending down.
Silieea Tera
Imperfect assimilation and consequent defective nutrition. It goes further and produces neurasthenic states in consequence, and increased susceptibility to nervous stimuli and exaggerated reflexes. Diseases of bones, caries and necrosis. Weak spine; very susceptible to draughts on back. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis. Pain in coccyx. Spinal irritation after injuries to spine; diseases of bones of spine. Potts’ disease.
Stannum Metallicum
Chief action is centered upon the nervous system and respiratory organs. Debility. Tuberculosis basis. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis. Pains that come and go gradually, call unmistakably for Stannum. Paralytic weakness; spasms; paralysis. Paralytic weakness; drops things. Ankles swollen. Limbs suddenly give out when attempting to sit down. Dizziness and weakness when descending. Spasmodic twitching of muscles of forearm and hand. Fingers jerk. Parkinson’s diseases. Neuritis. Typewriters’ paralysis.
Belladonna and Atropinum
Atropine is an alkaloid of Belladonna (C17 H23 NO3). Belladonna acts primarily on the brain, great general sensitiveness, sensitiveness of the special senses-sensitive to light, hydrophobia, remarkable quickness of sensation and/or of motion. Paralysis. Locked-in syndrome. Melancholy with grief, hypochondriacal humor, moral dejection, and discouragement, delirium and mania with groaning, disposition to dance, to laugh, to sing, and to whistle. 
Mania, with groans, or with involuntary laughter; nocturnal delirium; delirium with murmuring; delirium, during which are seen wolves, dogs, fires, &c; delirium by fits, and sometimes with fixedness of look, Stupefaction, with congestion to the head; pupils enlarged.
Delirium. Great apathy and indifference, desire for solitude, dread of society and of all noise. Repugnance to conversation. Disinclination to talk, or very fast talking. Ill-humor, disposition irritable and sensitive, with an inclination to be angry and to give offence. Folly, with ridiculous jesting, gesticulations, acts of insanity, impudent manners.
Fury and rage, with desire to strike, to spit, to bite, and to tear everything, and sometimes with growling and barking like a dog. Dejection and weakness of mind and body. Dread of all exertion and motion. Loss of consciousness. Fantastic illusions (when closing the eyes). Dementia to such an extent as no longer to know one’s friends, illusions of the senses and frightful visions. Complete loss of reason, stupidity, inadvertence, and distraction, inaptitude for thought, and great weakness of memory. Memory: quick; weak; lost.
Sepia Officianalis
Convulsive motions of head and limbs, when talking jerking of facial muscles, General muscular agitation; desire to change constantly place and position, Ringworm like eruptions on skin every spring;  uterine chorea with menstrual irregularities; Amelioration after menses and after a thunderstorm. Paralysis. Locked-in syndrome.
Opium
Locked-in syndrome. Emotional chorea: trembling the head, arms and hands. Arms are thrown out at right angles with the body and spasmodic jerking of the flexors; convulsive movements of one or other arm to and fro, Twitching continue during sleep. Paralysis. Falls into a heavy stupid sleep. Profound coma. Opisthotonos. Swollen veins of neck. Painless paralysis. Twitching of limbs. Numbness. Jerks as if flexors were overacting. Convulsions; worse from glare of light; coldness of limbs.
Veratrum Viride
Tiegel’s contracture, Thompson’s Disease, athetosis and pseudo-hypertrophic muscular paralysis present a symptomatology. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis. Difficult breathing. Aching pain in back of neck and shoulders. Severe pain in joints and muscles. Violent electric-like shocks in limbs. Convulsive twitching. Acute rheumatism.
Calcare Flouricum
A powerful tissue remedy for hard, stony glands, varicose and enlarged veins, and malnutrition of bones. Hard knots in breast. Goiter. Congenital hereditary syphilis. Induration threatening suppuration. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis. Arterio-sclerosis; threatened apoplexy. Tuberculosis. Chronic lumbago; aggravated on beginning to move and ameliorated on continued motion. Osseous tumors. Rachitic enlargement of femur in infants. Pain lower part of back, with burning. 
Ganglia or encysted tumors at the back of the wrist. Gouty enlargements of the joints of the fingers. Exostoses on fingers. Chronic synovitis of knee joint.
Rhus Toxicodendron
Pain between shoulders on swallowing. Pain and stiffness in small of back. Stiffness of the nape of the neck. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis. Hot, painful swelling of all joints. Pains tearing in tendons, ligaments, and fasciae. Rheumatic pains spread over a large surface at spine, nape of neck, loins, and extremities. Limbs stiff paralyzed. Pain along ulnar nerve. Tearing down thighs. Sciatica. Numbness and formication, after overwork and exposure. Paralysis; trembling after exertion. Tenderness about joint (s). Loss of power in forearm and fingers; crawling sensation in the tips of fingers. Tingling in feet.
Lathyrus Sativus
Affects the lateral and anterior columns of the cord. Reflexes always increased. Paralytic affections of lower extremities; spastic paralysis; lateral sclerosis; Beri-Beri. Athetosis. Infantile paralysis. After influenza and wasting, exhaustive diseases where there is much weakness and heaviness, slow recovery of nerve power. Sleepy, constant yawning. Paralysis. Locked-in syndrome. Depressed. Vertigo when standing with eyes closed.
Burning pain in tip of tongue; with tingling and numbness of tongue and lips, as if scalded. Tips of fingers numb. Tremulous, tottering gait. Excessive rigidity of legs; spastic gait. Knees knock against each other when walking. Rheumatic paralysis. Gluteal muscles and lower limbs emaciated. Legs blue; swollen, if hanging down. Stiffness and lameness of ankles and knees, toe do not leave the floor, heels do not touch floor, Muscles of calves very tense. Patient sits bent forward, straightens with difficulty. Tips of fingers numb. Tremulous, tottering gait. Excessive rigidity of legs; spastic gait. Knees knock against each other when walking.
Oleander
Cramp-like contractions of upper extremities. Hemiplegia. Paralysis. Difficult articulation. Memory weak; slow perception. Melancholy, with obstinate constipation. Vertigo and diplopia, when looking down. Vertigo, when looking fixedly at an object, and on rising in bed. Pain in brain. Numb feeling. Dull, unable to think. Indolence. Eruption on scalp. Humid, fetid spots behind ears and occiput, with red, rough, herpetic spots in front. Corrosive itching on forehead and edge of hair; worse, heat.
Asthmatic when lying down. Palpitation, with weakness and empty feeling in chest. Dyspnea. Obtuse stitches in chest. Weakness of lower limbs. Paralysis of legs and feet. Want of animal heat in limbs. Cold feet. Painless paralysis. Constant cold feet. Swelling, burning stiffness of fingers. Veins and hands swollen. Edema. Stiffness of joints. Skin sensitive and numb. Nocturnal burning. Very sensitive skin.
Cimicifuja Racemosa
Has a wide action upon the cerebrospinal and muscular system, as well as upon the uterus and ovaries. Especially useful in rheumatic, nervous subjects with ovarian irritation, uterine cramps and heavy limbs. Its muscular and crampy pains, primarily of neurotic origin, occurring in nearly every part of the body, are characteristic. Agitation and pain indicate it. Pains like electric shocks here and there. Migraine. Symptoms referable to the pelvic organs prominent. “It lessens the frequency and force of the pulse soothes pain and allays irritability”. 
Irregular, slow, trembling pulse. Tremulous action. Angina pectoris. Numbness of left arm; feels as if bound to side. Heart’s action ceases suddenly, impending suffocation. Left-sided infra-mammary pain. Spine very sensitive. Stiffness and contraction in neck and back. Intercostal rheumatism. Rheumatic pains in muscles of back and neck. Pain in lumbar and sacral region, down thighs, and through hips. Crick in back. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis.
Uneasy, restless feeling in limbs. Aching in limbs and muscular soreness. Rheumatism affecting the belly of muscles, especially large muscles. Chorea like movements, accompanied by rheumatism. Jerking of limbs. Stiffness in tendo-Achilles. Heaviness in lower extremities. Heavy, aching, tensive pain.
Cadmium Sulphuratum
Cadmium Sulphuratum is recommended for paralysis and locked-in syndrome of left side. The mouth gets distorted, with difficulty in swallowing and speaking in such cases. Unconscious. Vertigo: room and bed seem to spin around. Hammering in head. Heat in head. Distortion of mouth. Trembling of jaw. Facial paralysis. Difficult swallowing. Esophagus constricted. Salty belching. Intense nausea, with pain and cold. Stringy, offensive exudation on mucous membrane. Salty taste.
Baptisia Tinctoria
Wild, wandering feeling. Inability to think. Mental confusion. Ideas confused. Illusion of divided personality. Thinks he is broken or double and tosses about the bed trying to get pieces together. Locked-in syndrome. Delirium, wandering, muttering. Perfect indifference. Falls asleep while being spoken to. Melancholia, with stupor. Confused, swimming feeling. Vertigo; pressure at root of nose. Skin of forehead feels tight; seems drawn to back of head. Feels too large, heavy, numb. Soreness of eyeballs. Brain feels sore. Stupor; falls asleep while spoken to. Early deafness in typhoid conditions. Eyelids heavy.
Besotted look. Dark red. Pain at root of nose. Muscles of jaw rigid. Taste flat, bitter. Teeth and gums sore, ulcerated. Breath fetid. Tongue feels burned; yellowish-brown; edges red and shining. Dry and brown in center, with dry and glistening edges; surface cracked and sore. Can swallow liquids only, least solid food gags. Neck tired. Stiffness and pain, aching and drawing in arms and legs. Pain in sacrum.
Dark redness of tonsils and soft palate. Constriction, contraction of esophagus. Great difficulty in swallowing solid food. Painless sore throat, and offensive discharge. Contraction at cardiac orifice.
Oxytropis Lamberti
Marked action on nervous system. Trembling, sensation of emptiness. Walks backwards. Congestion of spine and paralysis. Pains come and go quickly. Sphincters relaxed. Staggering gait. Reflexes lost. Desires to be alone. Disinclined to work or talk. Worse, thinking of symptoms. Depression. Vertigo. Pain in maxillary bones and masseter muscles. Mouth and nose dry.
Eyesight obscured; pupils contracted; do not respond to light. Paralysis of nerves and muscles of eyes.
Stomach: Eructation with colicky pains. Epigastrium tender. Sphincter seems relaxed. Stools slip from anus, like lumps of jelly, mushy. Urging to urinate when thinking of it. Profuse flow. Pain in kidneys.
Male: No desire or ability. Pain in testicles and along spermatic cord and down thighs.
Pain along ulnar nerve. Numb feeling about spine. Staggering gait. Loss of co-ordination. Patellar tendon reflex lost. Pains come and go quickly, but muscles remain sore and stiff. Sleep restless, dreams of quarrel.
Hecla lava
Marked action upon the jaws. Nodosities, caries of bone, kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis, osteitis, periostitis, osteosarcoma; rachitis etc. Tumors in general. Bone necrosis. Necrosis and sinus after mastoid surgery. Enlargement of maxillary bone. Cervical glands enlarged and indurated. 
Arnica Montana
Angina pectoris; pain especially severe in elbow of left arm. Stitches in heart. Pulse feeble and irregular. Cardiac dropsy with distressing dyspnea. Extremities distended, feel bruised and sore. Fatty heart and hypertrophy. Gout. Great fear of being touched or approached. Pain in back and limbs. Sprained and dislocated feeling. Soreness after overexertion. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis. Deathly coldness of forearm. Cannot walk erect, on account of bruised pain in pelvic region. Rheumatism begins low down and works up.
Ledum Paluster
Gouty pains shoot all through the foot and limb, and in joints, but especially small joints. Swollen, hot, pale. Throbbing in right shoulder. Pressure in shoulder, worse motion. Cracking in joints; worse, warmth of bed. Gouty nodes. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis. Rheumatism begins in lower limbs and ascends. Ankles swollen. Soles painful, can hardly step on them. Easy spraining of ankle.
Lycopodium Clavatum
Aneurism. Aortic disease. Palpitation at night. Burning between scapulae as of hot coals. Pain in small of back. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis. Numbness, drawing and tearing in limbs. Heaviness of arms. Tearing in shoulder and elbow joints. One foot hot, the other cold. Chronic gout, with chalky deposits in joints. Profuse sweat of the feet. Pain in heel on treading as from a pebble. Painful callosities on soles; toes and fingers contracted. Sciatica. Cannot lie on painful side. Hands and feet numb. Right foot hot, left cold. Cramps in calves and toes at night in bed. Limbs go to sleep. Twitching and jerking.
Opium
Opisthotonos – Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis. Swollen veins of neck. Painless paralysis. Twitching of limbs. Numbness. Jerks as if flexors were overacting. Convulsions; worse from glare of light; coldness of limbs.
Tarentula Hispanica
Weakness of legs; chorea like movements. Numbness of legs. Multiple sclerosis, with trembling. Twitching and jerking. Yawning with uneasiness of legs, must move them constantly. Extraordinary contractions and movements. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis.
Phosphorus
Burning in back; pain as if broken. Heat between the shoulder-blades. Weak spine.
Extremities: Ascending sensory and motor paralysis from ends of fingers and toes. Stitches in elbow and shoulder joints. Burning of feet. Weakness and trembling, from every exertion. Can scarcely hold anything with his hands. Tibia inflamed and became necrosed. Arms and hands become numb. Can lie only on right side. Post-diphtheritic paralysis, with formication of hands and feet. Joints suddenly give way.
Ruta Gravenolense
Acts upon the periosteum and cartilages, eyes and uterus. Complaints from straining flexor tendons especially. Tendency to the formation of deposits in the periosteum, tendons, and about joints, especially wrist. Overstrain of ocular muscles. Lameness after sprains. Jaundice. Feeling of intense lassitude, weakness and despair. Injured “bruised” bones.
Pain in nape, back and loins. Backache better pressure. Lumbago worse morning before rising. Spine and limbs feel bruised. Small of back and loins pain. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis. Legs give out on rising from a chair, hips and thighs so weak. Contraction of fingers. Pain and stiffness in wrists and hands. Ganglia. Sciatica; worse, lying down at night; pain from back down hips and thighs. Hamstrings feel shortened. Tendons sore, aching pain in tendo-Achilles. Thighs pain when stretching the limbs. Pain in bones of feet and ankles. Great restlessness.
Zincum Metallica
Pain in small of back. Kyphoscoliosis and scoliosis. Tension and stinging between shoulders. Spinal irritation. Dull aching about the last dorsal or first lumbar vertebrae; worse sitting. Burning along spine. Nape of neck wearies from writing or any exertion. Tearing in shoulder-blades.
Extremities: Lameness, weakness, trembling and twitching of various muscles. Chilblains. Feet in continued motion; cannot keep still. Large varicose veins on legs. Sweaty. Convulsions, with pale face. Transverse pains, especially in upper extremity. Soles of feet sensitive. Steps with entire sole of foot on floor.
The outlook for children with pediatric musculoskeletal disorders depends on the diagnosis and treatment type (allopathic or Homeopathic).
For example, clubfoot can be corrected when treated in early childhood with both allopathic and Homeopathic treatment. Many children born with this musculoskeletal disorder go on to live active lives.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic condition that can require long-term allopathic treatment, because there’s currently no cure for JIA in allopathy. Allopathic treatment just aims to achieve a remission of symptoms and prevent damage to joints.
However, in Homeopathy there are many medicines for the cure and complete recovery from Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).
Prognosis
The outlook for children with pediatric musculoskeletal disorders depends on the diagnosis and treatment type (allopathic or Homeopathic). Most poliovirus infections are asymptomatic or self-limiting. For those with poliomyelitis treated with allopathy (ie, symptomatic poliovirus infection), 10% to 15% will die due to bulbar involvement, with respiratory and cardiovascular collapse. For those who survive, recovery and residual paralysis stages follow. Convalescence or recovery begins when the acute, flu-like illness resolves and no further paralysis occurs. Complete recovery with homeopathy can last up to 2 moths, with maximal improvement occurring in the first 6-20 days.
With allopathic treatment, approximately 60% of polio survivors have permanent deficits. The more severe the acute phase of the disease, the greater the likelihood of residual deficits and the development of post-polio syndrome in the future.
P. S: This article is only for doctors and students having good knowledge about Homeopathy and allopathy.
For proper consultation and treatment, please visit our clinic.
Dr. Sayyad Qaisar Ahmed (MD {Ukraine}, DHMS), Abdominal Surgeries, Oncological surgeries, Gastroenterologist, Specialist Homeopathic Medicines.
Senior research officer at Dnepropetrovsk state medical academy Ukraine.
Location: Al-Haytham clinic, Umer Farooq Chowk Risalpur Sadder (0923631023, 03119884588), K.P.K, Pakistan.
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