AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is an advanced stage of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV usually spreads from person to person through contact with infected sexual secretions or blood.
People with AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome have weakened immune systems that make them vulnerable to medical conditions and infections.
For people infected with HIV, the risk of progression to AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome increases with the number of years the person has the infection. The risk of progression to AIDS decreases by using highly effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens.
In people with AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, ART improves the immune system and substantially increases life expectancy. Many patients treated with ART have near-normal life expectancies.
ART is a treatment that patients must continue for life. It is not a cure.
It is possible for HIV to become resistant to some antiretroviral medications. The best way to prevent resistance is for the patient to take their ART as directed without fail. If the patient wants to stop a drug because of side effects, he or she should call the physician immediately.
If a patient with HIV exposes another person to blood or potentially infectious fluids, the exposed person can take medications to reduce the risk of getting HIV.
Research is underway to find a vaccine and cure for HIV.
AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is an acronym for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.” The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and represents the most advanced stage of HIV infection.
How HIV affects the immune system?
HIV spreads through infected blood or fluids such as sexual secretions. Over time, the virus attacks the immune system, focusing on special cells called “CD4 cells” which are important in protecting the body from infections and cancers, and the number of these cells starts to fall. Eventually, the CD4 cells fall to a critical level, and/or the immune system weakens so much that it can no longer fight off certain types of infections and cancers. AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is an advanced stage of HIV infection.
HIV is a very small virus that contains ribonucleic acid (RNA) as its genetic material. When HIV infects animal cells, it uses a special enzyme, reverse transcriptase, to turn (transcribe) its RNA into DNA. (“Retroviruses” are viruses that use reverse transcriptase.) When HIV reproduces, it is prone to making small genetic mistakes or mutations, resulting in viruses that vary slightly from each other. This ability to create minor variations allows HIV to evade the body’s immunological defenses, essentially leading to lifelong infection, and has made it difficult to make an effective vaccine. The mutations also allow HIV to become resistant to antiretroviral medications.
AIDS symptoms and signs?
AIDS is an advanced stage of HIV infection. People with AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome often develop symptoms and signs of unusual infections or cancers largely due to the destruction of the CD4 cells in the immune system. When a person with HIV infection gets one of these infections or cancers, medical professionals refer to this as an “AIDS-defining condition.” Significant, unexplained weight loss also is an AIDS-defining condition. Because common conditions like cancer or other viral conditions like infectious mononucleosis also can cause weight loss and fatigue, it is sometimes easy for a physician to overlook the possibility of HIV/AIDS. It is possible for people without AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome to get some of these conditions, especially the more common infections like tuberculosis.
People with AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome may develop symptoms of pneumonia due to Pneumocystis Jirovec, which rarely appears in people with normal immune systems. They also are more likely to get pneumonia due to common bacteria. Globally, tuberculosis is one of the most common infections associated with AIDS. In addition, people with AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome may develop seizures, weakness, or mental changes due to toxoplasmosis, a parasite that infects the brain. Neurological signs also may be due to meningitis caused by the fungus Cryptococcus. A yeast infection of the esophagus called candidiasis may cause complaints of painful swallowing. Because these infections take advantage of the weakened immune system, health care providers refer to them as “opportunistic infections.”
The weakening of the immune system associated with HIV infection can lead to unusual cancers like Kaposi’s sarcoma. Kaposi’s sarcoma develops as raised patches on the skin that are red, brown, or purple. Kaposi’s sarcoma can also be present in the mouth, intestine, or respiratory tract. AIDS also may be associated with lymphoma (a type of cancer involving white blood cells).
In people with AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, HIV itself may cause symptoms. Some people experience relentless fatigue and weight loss, known as “wasting syndrome.” Others may develop confusion or sleepiness due to infection of the brain with HIV, known as HIV encephalopathy. Both wasting syndrome and HIV encephalopathy are AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining illnesses.
Risk factors for developing AIDS
Developing AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome requires that the person acquire HIV infection. Risks for acquiring HIV infection include behaviors that result in contact with infected blood or sexual secretions, which pose the main risk of HIV transmission. These behaviors include sexual intercourse and injection drug use. The presence of sores in the genital area, like those caused by herpes, makes it easier for the virus to pass from person to person during intercourse. HIV also has been spread to health care workers through accidental sticks with needles contaminated with blood from HIV-infected people, or when broken skin contacted infected blood or secretions. Blood products used for transfusions or injections also may spread infection, although this has become extremely rare due to testing of blood donors and blood supplies for HIV. Finally, infants may acquire HIV from an infected mother either while they are in the womb, during birth, or by breastfeeding after birth.
The risk that HIV infection will progress to AIDS increases with the number of years since a person acquired the infection. If the HIV infection is untreated, 50% of people will develop AIDS within 10 years, but some people progress in the first year or two and others remain completely asymptomatic with normal immune systems for decades after infection. The risk of developing one of the complications that define AIDS is associated with declining CD4 cells, particularly to below 200 cells/Ul.
Antiretroviral treatment substantially reduces the risk that HIV will progress to AIDS. In developed countries, the use of ART has turned HIV into a chronic disease that may never progress to AIDS. Conversely, if infected people are not able to take their medications or have a virus that has developed resistance to several medications, they are at increased risk for progression to AIDS.
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Diagnosis AIDS
To diagnose AIDS, the doctor will need (1) a confirmed, positive test for HIV (“HIV positive” test) and (2) evidence of an AIDS-defining condition or severely depleted CD4 cells.
Testing for HIV is a two-step process involving a screening test and a confirmatory test. Current guidelines recommend that the first step is a screening test that looks for a component of the virus, called p24 antigen, as well as antibodies against HIV. Specimens for testing come from blood obtained from a vein or a finger stick, an oral swab, or a urine sample. Results can come back in minutes (rapid tests) or can take several days, depending on the method that is used. If the screening HIV test is positive, a different test that looks for antibodies to either HIV-1, the most common form of this virus, or to HIV-2, a strain more common in select parts of the World, such as Western Africa, will confirm the results. If one of these tests is positive, it confirms infection with that particular type of HIV. If both tests are negative, then medical professionals perform a test looking for the virus to see if the initial screening assay detected the viral protein at a time when infection was new, and antibodies had yet to develop.
Merely having HIV does not mean a person has AIDS. AIDS is an advanced stage of HIV infection and requires that the person have evidence of a damaged immune system. That evidence comes from at least one of the following:
- The presence of an AIDS-defining condition.
- Measuring the CD4 cells in the body and showing that there are fewer than 200 cells per milliliter of blood.
- A laboratory result showing that fewer than 14% of lymphocytes are CD4 cells.
It is important to remember, however, that any diagnosis of AIDS requires a confirmed, positive test for HIV.
| Pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis Jirovec.
Recurrent severe bacterial pneumonia. Recurrent blood infections caused by Salmonella bacteria. Candida infection of the esophagus (swallowing tube) or lungs. Cytomegalovirus infections including retinitis or infection of other organs. Selected types of lymphoma, including Burkitt, immunoblastic, or lymphomas that start in the brain. Wasting syndrome caused by HIV. Certain parasites in the intestinal tract that cause intractable diarrhea: cryptosporidiosis, isosporiasis. Certain fungal infections if found outside of the lungs: coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis. Tuberculosis in the lungs or outside the lungs (disseminated). Herpes simplex infections that cause continuous sores, especially in the lung or esophagus. Infections with selected mycobacterium (relatives of the tuberculosis bacterium) outside the lung. Brain infection or infection of any internal organ with the parasite toxoplasmosis. Encephalopathy (brain infection) due to HIV. A virus-caused brain disease called progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. |
Allopathic treatment for AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Antiretroviral medications are medications that fight HIV. Different antiretroviral medications target the virus in different ways. When used in combination with each other, they are very effective at suppressing the virus. It is important to note that there is no cure for HIV. ART only suppresses the reproduction of the virus and stops or delays the disease from progressing to AIDS. Most guidelines currently recommend that all HIV-infected people who are willing to take medications should have them initiated shortly after their HIV diagnosis. This delays or prevents disease progression, improve the overall health of an infected person, and makes it less likely that they will transmit the virus to their partners.
There are currently seven major classes of antiretroviral medications:
- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs),
- non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs),
- protease inhibitors (PIs),
- fusion inhibitors,
- integrase inhibitors,
- CCR5 antagonists, and
- entry inhibitor.
People use these drugs in different combinations according to their needs and depending on whether the virus has become resistant to a specific drug or class of drugs. Treatment regimens usually consist of three to four medications at the same time. Combination treatment is essential because using only one class of medication by itself allows the virus to become resistant to the medication. There are now pills that contain multiple drugs in a single pill, making it possible to treat many people with a single pill per day.
Before starting ART, medical professionals usually perform blood tests to make sure the virus is not already resistant to the chosen medications. Health care providers may repeat these resistance tests if it appears the drug regimen is not working or stops working. Physicians instruct patients about the side effects to watch for.
Noncompliance with medications is the most common cause of treatment failure and can cause the virus to develop resistance to the medication. Because successful therapy often depends on taking several pills, it is important for the patient to understand that this is an “all or nothing” regimen.
Taking just one or two of the recommended medications is strongly discouraged because it allows the virus to mutate and become resistant.
Allopathic treatment for HIV during pregnancy
There are two goals of treatment for pregnant women with HIV infection:
- to treat maternal infection and
- to reduce the risk of HIV transmission from mother to child.
Women can pass HIV to their babies during pregnancy, during delivery, or after delivery by breastfeeding. Without treatment of the mother and without breastfeeding, the risk of transmission to the baby is about 25%. With treatment of the mother before and during birth and with the treatment of the baby after birth, the risk decreases to less than 2%. Because of this benefit, doctors recommended that all pregnant women undergo routine HIV testing as part of their prenatal care. Once diagnosed, there are several options for treatment, although women cannot use some antiretroviral medications during pregnancy and others have not been studied during pregnancy. For example, recent data suggests that dolutegravir (Tivi cay) should be avoided in women who may become pregnant so that exposure at conception does not occur.
There are treatment regimens that have been shown to be well tolerated by most pregnant women, significantly improving the outcome for mother and child. The same principles of testing for drug resistance and combining antiretrovirals used for nonpregnant patients are used for pregnant patients. All pregnant women with HIV should receive ART treatment regardless of their CD4 cell count, although the choice of drugs may differ slightly from nonpregnant women.
Patients must continue medications throughout pregnancy, labor, and delivery. Some medicines, such as zidovudine (AZT), can be given intravenously during labor, particularly for those women who do not have good viral suppression at the time of delivery. Patients need to continue other medications orally during labor to try to reduce the risk of transmission to the baby during delivery.
If the quantity of virus in the mother’s blood (viral load) is more than 1,000 copies/mL near the time of delivery, doctors will perform a scheduled cesarean delivery at 38-week gestation to reduce the risk of transmitting the virus during vaginal delivery which is in my (Dr Qaisar Ahmed) opinion, is more unsafe than normal delivery. Women with HIV should continue taking ART after delivery for their own health.
After delivery, health care providers will give the infant medication(s) for at least six weeks to reduce the risk of transmission of HIV. If the mother did not take ART during pregnancy or if the mother has a drug-resistant virus, medical professionals will treat infants with multiple medications.
Allopathic treatment for non-HIV-infected people exposed to the genital secretions or blood with AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome positive
Blood and genital secretions or fluids contaminated with blood also are potentially infectious. Feces, nasal secretions, saliva, sputum, sweat, tears, urine, and vomit are not considered infectious unless visibly bloody.
The most commonly reported occupational exposures are:
- an inadvertent needle stick (usually when drawing blood from someone with HIV) {0.3% risk of infection}.
- a cut from a sharp object such as a scalpel that is contaminated with blood {0.09% risk of infection}.
- exposure of mucous membranes to infectious fluid (mucous membranes that may be exposed to splashes of material include the mouth, nasal passages, and eyes) {0.09% risk of infection}.
- exposure of open sores or abraded/inflamed skin to infectious material {less than 0.3% risk of infection}.
If an exposure occurs, the exposed person can reduce the risk of getting HIV by taking antiretroviral medications. Current recommendations suggest three antiretroviral medications. Start medications as soon as possible, preferably within hours of exposure and should be continued for four weeks, if tolerated. People who have been exposed should be tested for HIV at the time of the injury and again at six weeks, 12 weeks, and six months after exposure.
Other potential exposures include vaginal and anal sexual intercourse and sharing needles during intravenous drug use. There is less evidence for the role of antiretroviral postexposure prophylaxis after these exposures. This is because the exposed person usually does not know the HIV status of a sexual partner or drug user.
If the HIV status of the source is not known, the decision to treat is individualized. Concerned people should see their physician for advice. If a decision to treat is made, medications should be started within 72 hours of the exposure.
For every exposure, especially with blood, it is important to test for other blood-borne diseases like hepatitis B, C etc, which are more common among HIV-infected patients.
For sexual exposures, medical professionals should test patients for syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) because individuals with HIV are more likely to have other STDs.
Homeopathic Medicine for AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
No single remedy can cure a person with HIV or AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome completely; Doctor should advise few medicines (or combination) according to each and every patient’s individual history.
These homeopathic medications can be used in conjunction with ART or antiretroviral therapy along with other treatments for AIDS and have been shown to be very effective in alleviating some of the commonly encountered symptoms of AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complications.
Utmost care must be ensured and these homeopathic medicine for HIV positive patients should not be taken without consulting a homeopathic doctor.
Some Homeopathic medicines for AIDS are:
Syphilinum
Abscess; succession of abscesses. Alcoholism; hereditary craving for alcohol. Anus, fissure of. Aphasia. Asthma. Breasts sensitive. Bubo. Constipation. Crying of infants. Deafness. Deltoid rheumatism. Dentition. Diplopia. Dysmenorrhea. Epilepsy. Headache; syphilitic. Hoarseness; before menses. Iritis. Leucorrhea; infantile. Mouth, ulcerated. Myopia. Neuralgia. HIV. AIDS. Night-sweats. Ophthalmia. Otorrhea. Ovaries, affections of. Ozena. Pemphigus. Psoas abscess. Ptosis. Rectum, stricture of. Rheumatism. Sciatica. Sleeplessness. Spine, caries of. Strabismus. Stricture. Sunstroke. Syphilis. Teeth, carious. Throat, ulcerated. Tibia, pains in. Tongue, cracked, ulcerated. Ulcers. Whitlow. AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Crotalus Horridus
AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Amblyopia. Apoplexy. Appendicitis. Bilious fever. Boils. Cancers. Carbuncles. Cerebro-spinal meningitis. Chancre. Ciliary neuralgia. Convulsions. Delirium tremens. Dementia. Diphtheria. Dysmenorrhea. Dyspepsia. Ears, discharges from. Ecchymosis. Epilepsy. Eyes, affections of. Erysipelas. Face, eruption on; distortion of. Hematuria. Hemorrhagic diathesis. Headache. Heart, affections of. Herpes. HIV. AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Hydrophobia. Intestinal hemorrhage. Jaundice. Keratitis. Liver, disorders of. Lungs, affections of. Mastitis. Measles. Milk-leg. Meningitis. Ovaries, affections of. Ozaena. Palpitation. Peritonitis. Peri typhlitis. Phlebitis. Psoriasis palmaris. Purpura. Pyemia. Remittent fever. Rheumatism. Scarlatina. Sleeplessness. Smallpox. Stings. Sunstroke. Syphilis. Tetanus. Thirst. Tongue, inflammation of; cancer of. Ulcers. Urticaria. Vaccination, effects of. Varicose. Varicocele. Vomiting, bilious. White leg. Whooping-cough. Yellow Fever.
Arsenicum Album
Abscess. Acne rosacea. Alcoholism. Amenorrhea. Anemia. Aphthae. Asthma. Atrophy. Bronchitis. Brown-ague. Caecum, affections of. Cancer. Cancrum oris. Carbuncle. Cholera Asiatica. Cholera. Cold. Coldness. Commissures, soreness of. Cough. Coxalgia. Croup. Dandruff. Delirium tremens. Depression of spirits. Diarrhea. Diphtheria. Dropsy. Duodenum. Dyspepsia. Ears, affections of. Eczema. Endometritis. Enteric fever. Epithelioma. Erysipelas. Eye, affections of. Face, eruption on. Fainting. Fever. Gangrene. Gastric ulcer. Gastritis. Gastrodynia. Glandular swellings. Gout. Hay-asthma. Headache. Heart, affections of. Hectic. Herpes zoster. HIV. AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Hodgkin’s disease. Hydrothorax. Hypochondriasis. Ichthyosis. Indigestion. Intermittent fever. Irritation. Jaundice. Kidney diseases.
Leucorrhea. Lichen. Lips, eruption round; epithelioma of. Locomotor ataxy. Lung affections. Lupus. Malignant pustule. Measles. Melancholia. Menstruation, disorders of. Miliary eruptions. Morphea. Myelitis. Nails, diseased. Nettle-rash. Neuralgia. Neuritis. Nonta pudenda. Numbness. Peritonitis. Peri typhlitis. Pityriasis. Plethora. Pleurisy. Pleurodynia. Pneumonia. Psoriasis. Purpura. Pyemia. Pyelitis. Remittent fever. Rheumatic gout. Rheumatism. Rickets. Ringworm. Scald Head. Scarlatina. Sciatica. Scrofulous affections. Sea-bathing, effects of. Sea-sickness. Shiverings. Stomach, affections of. Strains. Suppuration. Thirst. Throat, sore. Tobacco-habit. Tongue, affections of. Trachea, affections of. Traumatic fever. Typhus. Ulcers. Vomiting. Whooping-cough. Worms. Wounds. Yellow fever.Medorrhinum
Arsenicum Iodatum
Acne rosacea Aneurysm. Angina pectoris. Breast, tumor of. Bronchitis. Cancer. AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome related complications. HIV. Catarrh. Consumption. Debility. Dropsy. Epithelioma. Gastritis. Hay-fever. Cardiac infections. Hydrothorax. Laryngitis. Leucocythemia. Lichen. Liver infections. Lung infections. Measles. Otorrhea. Pneumonia. Rheumatism. Scrofulous ophthalmia. Syphilis.
Mercurius Solubilis
Abscess. Anemia. Aphthae. Appendicitis. Balanitis. Bone, disease of. Brain inflammation. Breath, offensive. Bronchitis. Bubo. Cancrum oris. AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Catarrh. Chancre. Chickenpox. Cold. HIV. Condylomas. Cough. Dentition abnormal. Diarrhea. Dysentery. Dyspepsia. Ecthyma. Eczema. Emaciation. Excoriation. Eyes, infections; gouty inflammation of. Fainting. Fevers. Fissures. Glandular swellings. Gout. Gumboil. Gums unhealthy. Heart, infections. Herpes. Hydrophobia. Jaundice. Joints, infections. Leucorrhea; in little girls. Liver, affections. Lumbago. Mania. Measles. Melancholia. Meningitis. Mollities ossium. Mucous patches. Mumps.
Noises in the head. Oduor, of body, offensive. Ovaries, infections. Pancreatitis. Para metritis. Parotitis. Peritonitis. Perspiration, abnormal. Phimosis. Pregnancy infections. Prostate disease. Purpura. Pyemia Ranula. Rheumatism. Rickets. Rigg’s disease. Salivation. Scurvy. Smallpox. Stomatitis. Suppuration. Surgical fever. Syphilis. Taste, disordered. Teeth infections. Throat-deafness. Throat soreness. Tongue infections; mapped. Toothache. Tremors. Typhus fever. Ulcers Vaccination. Vomiting.
Mercurius Corrosive
Antrum of Highmore, affections of. Aphthae. Appendicitis. Bones, affections of. Bright’s disease. Cancrum oris. Chancre. HIV, AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Diarrhea. Dysentery. Eczema. Enteric fever. Eyes, affections of. Gums, affections of. Intestines, ulcerated. Intussusception. Iritis. Jaundice. Kidneys, inflammation of. Labour, puerperal fever. Measles. Miscarriage. Mouth, affections of. Mumps. Esophagus, stricture of. Paralysis. Paraphimosis. Pemphigus. Peri metritis, Peritonitis. Prosoplasia. Rigg’s disease. Supraorbital neuralgia. Syphilis. Tabes mesenterica. Taste, disordered. Tenesmus. Throat, inflamed. Tongue, affections of. Uvula, elongated.
Thuja Occidentalis
Abdomen, distended. Abortion. Angina pectoris. Anus, fistula in; fissure of. Asthma. Balanitis. Cancer. Catalepsy. Chorea. Clavus. Condylomas. Constipation. Convulsions. Coxalgia. Diarrhea. Dyspareunia. Dysmenorrhea. Ear, polypus of. Enuresis. Epilepsy. Epulis. Eyes tumors; granular inflammation. Fatty tumors. Feet, fetid. Flatus, incarcerated. Frontal sinuses, catarrh of. Ganglion. Gleet. Gonorrhea. Hemorrhage. Hemorrhoids. Hair, affections of. Headache. Hernia. HIV. AIDS. Herpes zoster. Ichthyosis. Intussusception. Jaws, growth on. Joints, cracking in. Levitation. Morvan’s disease. Mucous patches. Muscae volitantes. Myopia. Naevus. AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Ovary, left, pain in. Ozaena. Neuralgia. Nose, chronic catarrh of; polypus of. Paralysis. Pemphigus. Polypus. Post-nasal catarrh. Pregnancy, imaginary. Prostate, disease of. Ptosis. Ranula. Rheumatism, gonorrheal. Rickets. Sciatica. Seminal emissions, nocturnal. Sycosis. Syphilis. Tea, effects of. Teeth, caries of. Tongue, ulcers of; biting of. Toothache. Tumors. Vaccination. Vaccinosis. Vaginismus. Warts. Whooping-cough.
Fagonia Arabica or Dhamasa
various kinds of cancers (breast cancer, liver cancer, anal cancer, and lung cancer etc). Hepatitis A, B, and C. Infections. AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. HIV.
Sulphur
Acne. AIDS. Adenoids. Ague. Amaurosis. Amenorrhea. Anemia. Anal prolapse. Asthma. Atelectasis. Bed-sores. Biliousness. Boils. Brain, congestion of. Breasts, affections of. Bright’s disease. Bronchitis. Cataract. Catarrh. Chagres fever. Chancre. Cheloid. Chest, pains in. Chilblains. Chloasma. Climaxis, sufferings of. Cold. Constipation. Consumption. Corns. Cough. Crusta serpiginous. Dental fistula. Diabetes. Diarrhea. Dysentery. Dysmenorrhea. Ear, affections of. Eczema. Emaciation. Enuresis. Epilepsy. Eructation. Eruptions. Eyes, affections of. Faintness. Feet, burning; Perspiring. Fever. Freckles. Ganglion. Glands, affections of. Gleet. Globus hystericus. Gonorrhea. Gout. Hemorrhoids. Headache. Head, rush of blood to.
AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. HIV. Herpes. Hip-joint disease. Hydrocele. Hydrocephalus. Hydrothorax. Hypochondriasis. Impotence. Influenza. Intermittent. Irritation. Itch. Jaundice. Laryngitis. Leucorrhea. Lichen. Liver, derangement of. Lumbago. Lungs, affections of. Lupus. Mania. Measles. Memory, weak. Meningitis. Menstruation, disorders of. Miscarriage. Molluscum. Nettle rash. Neuralgia. Nipples, sore. Nose, bleeding of; inflammation of. Esophagus, constriction of. Ophthalmia, acute; scrofulous; rheumatic. Pelvic hematocele. Phimosis. Phlegmasia dolens. Peritonitis. Pleurisy. Pneumonia. Pregnancy, disorders of. Prostatorrhea. Rectum, affections of. Rheumatic fever. Rheumatism, acute; chronic; gonorrheal. Ringworm. Sciatica. Self-abuse. Sinking. Skin, affections of. Sleep, disordered. Smell, illusions of. Spinal irritation. Spine, curvature of. Spleen, pain in. Starting. Stomatitis. Taste, illusions of. Tenesmus. Thirst. Throat, mucus in. Tongue, coated. Tonsillitis. Toothache. Trachea, irritation in. Ulcers. Urticaria. Uterus, prolapse of. Vaccination. Varicocele. Varicose. Vertigo. Warts. White swelling. Worms. Worry. Yawning.
Silica
Abdomen, distended. Abscess. AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Acne. Anemia. Ankles, weak. Anus, fissure of; fistula of. Appetite, depraved. Back, weakness of. Boils. Bones, necrosis of. Brain, concussion of. Brain-fag. Breast, sinuses in. Bunion. Cancer. Carbuncle. Cataract. Cellulitis. Cheloid. Chin, eruptions on. Cicatrix. Circulation, feeble. Coccygodynia. Conjunctivitis, phlyctenule. Constipation. Coryza. Cough. Debility. Dentition. Diabetes. Ear, affections of. Elephantiasis. Enchondroma. Enuresis. Epilepsy. Eruptions. Excrescences. Eyes, affections of. Feet, burning; perspiring. Fester. Fibroma. Fistula. Foot-sweat; suppressed. Foreign bodies, expulsion of. Fractures. Ganglion. Gastric catarrh. Glandular swellings. Headache. Hernia. HIV. Hip-joint disease. Homesickness. Housemaid’s knee. Hydrocele. Hypopyon. Irritation. Jaw, caries of. Joints, synovitis of. Lachrymal fistula. Lactation. Locomotor ataxy. Mania. Meningitis. Metrorrhagia. Miscarriage. Molluscum contagiosum. Molluscum fibrosum. Morphoea. Morvan’s disease. Nails, diseased. Necrosis. Neuralgia. Nodes. Nose, tip, redness of. Panaritium. Parametritis. Perspiration, offensive. Phimosis. Pleurisy. Prepuce, eruption on. Psoas abscess. Pylorus, suppuration of. Rheumatism; chronic; hereditary. Rickets. Sinuses. Somnambulism. Spermatorrhoea. Spinal irritation. Strains. Strangury. Suppuration. Teeth, caries of. Tenesmus. Trachea. Tumours. Ulcers. Urethra, stricture of. Urine, incontinence of. Vaccination. Vagina, spasms of. Vertigo. Walking, delay in. Whitlow. Worms. Writer’s cramp.
Tuberculinum
Acne. AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Albuminuria. Appendicitis. Asthma. Bones, caries of. Bronchitis. Catarrhal pneumonia. Chilblains. Cornea, opacity of; ulceration of. Dentition. Erysipelas. Erythema. Hematuria. Hemoptysis. Headache. Heart affections; palpitation of. HIV. Influenza. Leprosy. Leucorrhea. Lungs, oedema of. Lupus. Mania. Menses too early. Nephritis. Night-terrors. Edema glottidis. Paralysis. Phthisis. Pleurisy. Pneumonia, acute. Tuberculosis.
Kali Carbonicum for AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Amenorrhea. AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Anemia. Asthma. Axilla, perspiration of. Back, aching. Biliousness. Bronchitis. Catarrh. Change of life. Chilblains. Clavus. Cold. Consumption. Cough. Debility. Dropsy. Dysmenorrhea. Dyspepsia. Ear, inflammation of. Eyes, inflammation of; oedema around. Face blotches. Fear. Freckles. Gastralgia. Hemorrhage. Hemorrhoids. Hair Infections. Headache. Heart, affections of. Hip-joint disease. HIV. Hydrothorax. Hysteria. Kidney’s infections. Knee infections; white leg/white swelling. Larynx catarrh. Leucorrhea.
Liver infections. Lumbago. Menorrhagia. Metrorrhagia. Pleurisy. Pleurodynia. Pregnancy, disorders of. Proctalgia. Sciatica. Sleeplessness. Spinal irritation. Stomach infections. Throat infections. Toothache. Typhoid. Urine frequent passage. Urticaria. Uterine cancers. Vertigo. Wens. Whooping-cough.
Bacillinum
Addison’s disease. Alopecia. Consumptive Growth or defective growth. Hydrocephalus. Idiocy. Insanity. Joints, affections of. Phthisis. Pityriasis Ringworm. Scrofulous glands. Teeth, defective; pitted. Tuberculosis. HIV. AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Phosphorus
AIDS. Alopecia areata. Amaurosis. Amblyopia. Anemia, acute pernicious. Anus, fissure of. Antrum, disease of. Arteries, disease of. Asthma. Bone, diseases of. Brain, affections of; softening of. Brain-fag. Breast, abscess of; fistulae of. Bronchitis; membranous. Cancer; of bone. Cataract. Catarrh; intestinal; nasal. Chilblains. Chlorosis. Chorea. Ciliary neuralgia. Coccygodynia. Cold. Constipation. Consumption. Corpulency. Cough. Croup. Dandruff. Diarrhea. Dropsy. Ecchymosis. Enteric fever. Ephelis. Epilepsy. Erotomania. Exophthalmos. Exostosis. Eyes, affections of. Fainting. Fatty degeneration. Fistula. Flatulence. Fungus haematoidin. Gastritis. Glaucoma. Gleet. Gums, ulceration of. Hemoglobinuria. Hemorrhagic diathesis. Headache. Heart, degeneration of; murmurs of. HIV. Hydrocele. Hydrocephalus. Hysteria. Impotence. Intussusception. Jaundice; malignant; of pregnancy; of anemia. Jaw, disease of. Joints, affections of. Keratitis. Lactation, disorders of. Laryngitis. Levitation. Lightning, effects of. Lientery. Liver infections; Cirrhosis (acute yellow atrophy). Locomotor ataxy.
Lumps, hemorrhage from; oedema of; paralysis of. Marasmus. Menorrhagia. Menstruation, symptoms before. Mollities ossium. Morphea. Muscae volitantes. Naevus. Nails, ulcers round. Neuralgia. Nightmare. Nipples, sore. Nose, bleeding from. Numbness. Nymphomania. Oduor of body, changed. Esophagus, pain in. Ozaena. Pancreatic disorders. Paralysis; pseudo-hypertrophic; general of insane. Periostitis. Perspiration, abnormal. Petit mal. Plague. Pneumonia. Polypus. Pregnancy, vomiting of. Proctalgia. Proctitis. Progressive muscular atrophy. Pruritus ani. Psoriasis. Puerperal convulsions. Purpura. Pylorus, thickening of. Retinitis. Rheumatism; paralytic. Rickets. Screaming. Scurvy. Shivering. Sleep, disordered. Somnambulism. Spine, curvature of. Spleen, enlargement of. Sprains. Stammering. Sterility. Syphilis. Syringomyelia. Throat, mucus in. Tobacco habit. Tuberculosis. Tumors; erectile; polypoid; cancerous. Typhus fever. Ulcers. Urethra, stricture of. Vaccinia. Variola. Loss of voice. Whitlow. Wounds. Yellow fever.
The symptoms listed against each medicine may not be directly related to this disease because in homeopathy general symptoms and constitutional indications are taken into account for selecting a remedy.
To study any of the following remedies in more detail, please visit our Materia Medica section.
None of these medicines should be taken without professional advice said Dr. Sayyad Qaisar Ahmed.
Petroleum for AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Petroleum acts on sweat and oil glands; symptoms worse during the winter season. AIDS. Addison’s disease. Albuminuria. Anemia. Angina pectoris. Anus, fissure of. Bed-sores. Breath, offensive. Burns. Chilblains. Chlorosis. Constipation. Cracks in skin. Deafness. Diarrhea. Dysmenia. Dyspepsia. Ear, affections of. Eczema. Face, rough. Facial paralysis. Feet, soles painful. Fester, tendency to. Fistulae. Frost-bite. Gastric ulcer. Gonorrhea. Hemorrhoids. Hands, chapped. Headache; occipital. Herpes. Herpes preputial. HIV. Irritation. Jaw easily dislocated. Myopia. Nose, sore. Otorrhea. Perspiration, offensive. Pregnancy, sickness of. Presbyopia. Prostatitis. Psoriasis. Rheumatism. Seasickness. Skin, affections of. Sprains. Syphilis. Tabes mesenterica. Toothache. Urethra, stricture of; chronic inflammation of. Varices. Vomiting. Warts.
Nitric acid
Actinomycosis. AIDS. Anus, fissure of. Axilla, offensive perspiration of. Bladder, chronic catarrh of. Breath, offensive. Bright’s disease. Bronchitis. Bubo. Chancre. Cheloid. Chilblains. Choking, easy. Climacteric. Cold, easily taken. Condylomas. Constipation. Corns. Cough. Dysentery. Dyspepsia. Ear, affections of. Epilepsy. Eyes, affections of. Feet, perspiring. Fistula; lachrymal. Freckles. Frost-bites. Glandular swellings. Gleet. Gums, sore. Hematuria. Hemorrhages. Herpes. HIV. Herpes preputialis. In growing toenail. Iritis, syphilitic. Irritation. Jaw-joint, cracking in. Menstruation, excessive. Metrorrhagia. Mouth, sore. Mucous patches. Muscae volitantes. Myopia. Nails, affections of. Ozaena. Paralysis. Perspiration, abnormal. Phimosis. Polypus. Proctitis. Prostate, suppuration of. Ranula. Rectum, affections of. Rickets. Salivation. Spine, injury to. Syphilis. Taste, disordered. Tongue, ulceration of. Ulcers. Warts. Wens. Whooping-cough.
Violent itching in genital organs, falling off of hair from parts, excoriation between scrotum and thighs. Red spots covered with scabs on prepuce. Small, itching vesicles on prepuce, bursting soon and forming a scurf. Secretion behind glans, as in gonorrhea Bolani. Swelling, inflammation of prepuce, and phimosis. Paraphimosis. Ulcers, like Cancers (after Mercury; especially with exuberant granulations), on prepuce and glans (with pricking, stinging pains).
Deep, fistulous, irregular, ragged ulcers on the glans, with elevated, lead-colored, extremely sensitive edges. Syphilis; secondary syphilis. Excrescences, like sycosis, on prepuce and glans, with smarting pain and bleeding when touched, with oozing of a fetid and sweetish pus. Red, scurfy spots on the corona glands. Relaxation of testes. Inflammatory swelling of testes, with painful drawing of the spermatic cord, as far as side of abdomen. Absence of sexual desire and of erections. Great lasciviousness, with copious discharge of prostatic fluid. Painful, and almost spasmodic, nocturnal erections. Frequent nocturnal emissions.
Itching, burning pain, and sensation of dryness in vulva, great failing off genital hairs. Stitches up vagina, or from without inward, when walking in open air. Violent stitches in vagina. Excoriations in vulva between thighs, Ulcer, with burning itching in vagina. Excrescences on vaginal portion of uterus as large as lentils; great voluptuousness of mucous membrane in genitals after coitus. Uterine hemorrhages from overexertion of body. Metrorrhagia, a principal remedy. Coffee-ground, offensive discharge from uterus at climaxes, or after labor.
Hard nodosities on breast. Atrophy of breasts, chapping of the skin, or cracks may extend deeply into the tissues, brown spacelabs, titters, ulcers suppurating, with copious pus. Dry and itching eruptions, like scabies, brown, or vinous, or else reddish, and herpetic spots on skin. Annular desquamation (annular herpes). Moist, scabious herpes, with itching and burning sensation.
Sepia
Amenorrhea. Anus, pressure of. Apoplexy. Appetite, depraved. Ascarides. Baldness. Bladder, irritable. Cancer. Change of life. Chloasma. Chorea. Condylomas. Cystitis. Dandruff. Dysmenorrhea. Dyspepsia. Eczema. Epistaxis. Eyes, affections of. Face, yellow. Freckles. Gleet. Gonorrhea. Gravel. Herpes; circinate. Hysteria. Irritation. Jaundice. Leucorrhea. Liver-spots. Liver, torpid. Menstruation, disordered. Mind, affections of. Nails, pains under. Neuralgia. Nose inflamed; swollen. Ozaena. Phimosis. Pityriasis versicolor. Pleurisy. Pregnancy, disorders of; vomiting of. Pruritus. Psoriasis. Ptosis. Pylorus, induration of. Quinsy. Rectum, cancer of; fissure of. Ringworm. Sacrum, pain in. Sciatica. Seborrhea. Smell, sense of, too acute; disordered. Spermatorrhea. Stye. Toothache. Urine, incontinence of. Uterus, bearing down in. Varicose veins. Warts. Whooping-cough.
Sarsaparilla for AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Herpes and offensive sweat about genitals; the skin lies in folds Asthma. Bladder, affections of. Bones, affections of. Breast scirrhous. Bright’s disease. Calculi. Climaxis. Constipation. Dysmenia. Dyspepsia. Dysuria. Enuresis. Eruptions. Eyes, affections of. Faintness. Glands, enlarged. Gonorrhea. Gout. Gravel. Hands, chapped. Headache. Hernia. Herpes; of prepuce. Hiccough. Intermittent. Marasmus. Masturbation, effects of. Melancholia. Mercury, abuse of. Mycosis. Nipples, retracted. Plica polonica. Renal colic. Rhagades. Rheumatism; gonorrheal. Seborrhea. Spermatic cords, swelling of. Spermatorrhea. Strangury. Syphilis. Ulcers. Warts. HIV. AIDS. Intolerable stench on genitals. Herpetic eruption on genitals. Itching on scrotum and perineum.
Nipples small, withered, retracted. Before menstruation, itching and humid eruption of forehead. Menses late and scanty. Moist eruption in right groin before menses
Natrum muriaticum
Addison’s disease. AIDS. Anemia. Aphthae. Atrophy. Brain-fag. Catarrh. Chorea. Constipation. Cough. Cracks in the skin. Debility. Depression. Diabetes. Dyspareunia. Dropsy. Dyspepsia. Epilepsy. Erysipelas. Eyes, affections of. Eyestrain. Face, complexion unhealthy. Gleet. Glossopharyngeal paralysis. Goiter. Gonorrhea. Gout. Headache. Heart, affections of. Hemiopia. Hernia. Herpes. Herpes circinate. Hiccough. Hodgkin’s disease. Hydro. Hypochondriasis. HIV. Intermittent fever. Leucocythemia. Leucorrhea. Lips, eruption on. Lungs, oedema of. Menstruation, disorders of. Mouth, inflammation of. Nettle rash. Pediculosis. Ranula. Seborrhea. Self-abuse. Somnambulism. Speech, embarrassed. Spermatorrhea. Spinal irritation. Spleen, enlarged. Sterility. Stomatitis. Sunstroke. Taste lost; disordered. Tongue blistered; white coated; heavy. Trifacial-nerve paralysis. Ulcers. Varices. Vaginismus. Vertigo. Warts. Whooping-cough.
Itching, titters, and excoriation between scrotum and thighs. Itching and stinging on glans and scrotum., secretion behind glans, like gonorrhea Bolani. Phimosis.
Excessive excitement of genital organs, and of the amative feelings; or dullness of sexual desire. Want of energy during coition. Impotence. Pollutions after coition. Strong fetid odor from genital organs. Hydrocele. Loss of hair from pubes.
Prolapsus uteri with aching in loins, itching in genital organs, Repugnance to coition – Coition is painful from dryness of vagina; burning smarting during; in anemic women with dry mouth and dry skin.
Leucorrhea – Acrid (greenish) increased discharge when walking. Abundant discharge of transparent, whitish, and thick mucus from vagina. Uvulitis with falling off of hair. Itching of external parts with falling off of hair. Pimples on mons veneris.
Graphites for AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Acne. AIDS. Amenorrhea. Anus, affections of. Blepharitis. Breasts, indurated, cancer of. Cancer. Catarrh. Chaps. Chlorosis. Colic. Constipation. Deafness. Dropsy. Dysmenorrhea. Ears, affections of. Eczema. Epistaxis. Erysipelas. Eyes, affections of. Face, erythema of. Feet, affections of. Fissures. Gastralgia. Glandular swellings. Gleet. Gravel. Hemorrhoids. Headache. Herpes. HIV. Hydrocele. Influenza. Irritation. Lacrimal duct inflamed. Leucorrhea. Lips, cracked. Liver, indurated. Menstruation, disorders of. Mentagra. Nails, disorders of. Noises in head. Nose, affections of. Nose-bleed. Obesity. Ovarian tumors. Paralysis. Parotitis. Pityriasis. Priapism. Pruritus vaginae. Psoriasis. Ptosis. Rectum, affections of. Rhus poisoning. Scar., inflamed. Scrofula. Seminal emissions. Skin, affections of. Smell, disorders of. Stomach, cramp in. Sycotic diathesis. Syphilis. Trichiasis. Tumors. Ulcers. Urine, disordered. Uterus, cancer of. Vaccination, effects of. Wens. Whooping-cough. Worms. Zona.
Encysted tumors, Corrosive nodules. Excoriation of the skin (in the bends of the limbs, groins, neck, behind the ears), especially in children, Proud flesh, and fetid pus, in ulcers, with tearing pains, burning, and shooting. Scrofulous and syphilitic ulcers. Burning pain in an old cicatrix. Deformity and thickness of the nails.
Tension and cramp-like pains in the genital parts, with troublesome voluptuous ideas. Eruption of pimples on the prepuce, and on the penis. Dropsical swelling of the prepuce and the scrotum.
Great aversion to coitus. Vesicles and pimples on the vulva, Excoriation on the vulva and between the thighs. Soreness of the vagina. 
Cutting pains on the appearance of the catamenia and during the catamenia, flow of blood from the anus, pains in the limbs, ulcers become worse, swelling of the cheeks or of the feet, catarrh, with hoarseness and coryza, toothache, Painful sensibility and excoriation of the breasts, with eruption of running phlyctenule. Obstruction and induration of the mammary glands. Hard cicatrices remaining after mammary abscess.
Hepar sulph and AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Abscess. AIDS. Amaurosis. Angina pectoris. Appetite, disordered. Asthma. Axilla, abscess in. Beard, eruptions of. Blepharitis. Boils. Breast, affections of. Bronchitis. Bubo. Burns. Carbuncle. Caries. Chilblains. Chlorosis. Cold. Constipation. Consumption. Cornea, ulceration of; opacity of. Cough. Croup. Diaphragmatic. Diarrhea. Ear, affections of; polypus of. Eczema. Emphysema. Erysipelas. Eyes, affections of. Fester, tendency to. Glandular swellings. Hemoptysis. Hemorrhoids. Headache. Hectic. Herpes preputialis. Hip-joint disease. HIV. Hoarseness. Jaundice. Joints, affections of. Laryngitis. Leucorrhea. Lips, swollen. Liver, affections of. Lungs, affections of. Lupus. Marasmus. Menorrhagia. Mouth, sore. Nipples, sore. Ovaries, affections of. Para metritis. Pleurisy. Pneumonia. Pregnancy, sickness of. Pruritus mercurialis. Pylorus, affections of. Quinsy. Rhagades. Rheumatism. Scarlatina. Scrofula. Skin, affections of. Spinal irritation. Stye. Suppuration. Syphilis. Tenesmus. Throat, sore. Urticaria. Wens. Whitlow. Whooping-cough. 
Herpes, sensitive, bleed easily. Ulcers externally on prepuce similar to chancre. Excitement and emission without amorous fancies. Itching of glans, frenum, and scrotum. Suppurating inguinal glands. Figworts with offensive odor. Humid soreness on genitals and between scrotum and thigh. Obstinate gonorrhea.
Discharge of blood from uterus. Itching of pudenda and nipples, worse during menses. Menses late and scanty. Abscesses of labia with great sensitiveness. Extremely offensive leucorrhea. Smells like old cheese (Sanicola). Profuse perspiration at the climacteric.
Kreosotum
Acne. AIDS. Amenorrhea. Cancer. Carbuncle. Change of life. Cholera infantum. Coccygodynia. Congenital syphilis. Constipation. Consumption. Dentition. Diarrhea. Ear, affections of. Enuresis. Epithelioma. Eructation. Eruptions. Flashings. Gastromalacia. Glossitis. Hemorrhages. Hemorrhagic diathesis. Herpes. Hysterical vomiting. HIV. Irritation. Leucorrhea. Lip, epithelioma of. Lupus. Menstruation, disorders of. Neuralgia. Ovary, affections of. Prostate, irritation of. Pregnancy, vomiting of. Pustules. Rheumatism. Seasickness. Stomach, affections of. Syphilis. Syphilitic deafness. Teeth, caries of. Toothache. Ulcers. Urine, incontinence of. Uterus, affections of. Vomiting. Whooping-cough. Yawning.
Burning in genitals (during coition) and impotence. Prepuce bluish black with hemorrhages and gangrene. 
Premature catamenia, burning in the parts, Dwindling away of mammie, with small, hard, painful lumps in them. Cramp-like pains in external genitals. Excoriation, with smarting pains between genitals and thighs. Shootings in vagina, as if produced by electricity. Voluptuous itching in vagina. Itching in vagina, inducing rubbing in evening, succeeded by smarting, swelling, heat, and induration of external parts, with soreness in vagina when urinating.
Desire for coition especially in morning, after coition, pain, as of excoriation, and hard knottiness in neck of uterus, or swelling of the genital parts (both male and female) with burning pains (worse in morning than in evening).
After coition discharge of dark blood, the next day. Vaginal Prolapses. Prolapses uteri. Pulling, stitches, and shootings in the mammary glands.
Medorrhinum
AIDS. Asthma. Colonic spasms. Corns. Diabetes. Dysmenorrhea. Epilepsy. Eyes, inflammation of. Favus. Gleet. Gonorrhea, suppressed. Gonorrheal rheumatism. Headache, neuralgic. Liver, abscess of. Masturbation. Ovaries, pains in. Pelvic cellulitis. Polypi. Priapism. Psoriasis palmaris. Ptosis. Renal colic. Rheumatism. Sciatica. Shoulder, pains in. Stricture. Urticaria. Warts. HIV. Suppressed gonorrhea.
Variolinum
Exanthema of sharp, pointed pimples. AIDS. HIV. Petechial eruptions.
Var. 30 warded off after intense sickness and had been caused by the smell of a case.
Var. 1m in a spoon of water every day for HIV.
Shingles. Enlargement of testicle. Hard swelling of testicle.
Alumen
The clinical application of this remedy points to its bowel symptoms, both in obstinate constipation and in hemorrhage from bowels in the course of typhoid-one phase of the paralytic weakness of the muscles in all parts of the body. HIV. AIDS, tendency to induration is also marked, a low form of tissue-making is favored. Hardening of tissues of tongue, rectum, uterus, etc; ulcers with indurated base. Adapted to old people, especially bronchial catarrhs. Sensation of dryness and constriction. Mental paresis; dysphagia especially to liquids. Tendency to induration, Scirrhous of the tongue.
Prognosis for AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Left untreated, AIDS is usually a fatal illness with half of the people dying within nine months of diagnosis of an AIDS-defining condition.
The use of allopathic treatment can change this grim picture. People who are on allopathic treatment regimen have life expectancies moderately less than the uninfected population.
Unfortunately, many people with AIDS deal with socio economic issues, substance-abuse issues, or other problems that interfere with their ability or desire to take medications.
On the other hand, treatment with Homeopathic medicines, treatment has surprising effects.
From two – four months of Homeopathic treatment (depends on severity, age etc.), patient could be treated 100% without any side effects and/or signs of the disease.
P. S: This article is only for doctors having good knowledge about Homeopathy and allopathy, for learning purpose(s).
For proper consultation and treatment, please visit our clinic.
None of above-mentioned medicine(s) is/are the full/complete treatment, but just hints for treatment; every patient has his/her own constitutional medicine.
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Dr. Sayyad Qaisar Ahmed (MD {Ukraine}, DHMS), Abdominal Surgeries, Oncological surgeries, Gastroenterologist, Specialist Homeopathic Medicines.
Senior research officer at Dnepropetrovsk state medical academy Ukraine.
Location: Al-Haytham clinic, Umer Farooq Chowk Risalpur Sadder (0923631023, 03119884588), K.P.K, Pakistan.
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