Swollen feet and ankles or edema may be painful, uncomfortable, and can make it hard to walk. Swollen feet happen for a variety of reasons.
Several medical conditions may cause the symptoms. Once you know the underlying cause of swollen feet, you can take steps to treat your patient.
Causes of Swollen feet and ankles or edema
Edema
Edema or swollen feet and ankles is a condition in which the body retains too much water. This can make parts of the body, including the arms, legs, hands, face, and feet, swell.
Edema, or swelling, occurs due to a variety of medical conditions, for example: standing for long periods of time may provoke edema, taking a long plane trip can trigger fluid retention, some women notice edema during their monthly period etc.
Edema or swollen feet and ankles may be caused by more serious underlying conditions, for example liver disease, kidney disease, heart failure, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), blood clot in the lungs (pulmonary embolism), low protein levels in the blood etc.
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Sprains, Strains, and Broken Bones
Swollen feet and ankles or a swollen foot may be a sign of an injury to the foot or lower leg. Broken toes, ankle sprains, ankle strains, and broken bones are just a few injuries that may result in swelling, which is a normal response to injury. Inflammation facilitates healing.
In this case refer your patient to the traumatology and/or orthopedic department.
Swollen Feet During Pregnancy
Sometimes women experience swollen feet and ankles during pregnancy. Standing for long periods of time and being physically active may contribute to swelling. Consuming too much salt and too little potassium may play a role as well. Some pregnant women notice that heat aggravates swelling. Usually, some swelling during pregnancy is expected and is not a cause for concern. However, sudden swelling or severe swelling in the feet during pregnancy indicates a potentially dangerous condition called preeclampsia.
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Preeclampsia
Some women who have swollen feet and ankles during pregnancy may have preeclampsia, a potentially dangerous condition which could develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy, that causes high blood pressure.
Untreated preeclampsia can damage the kidneys and liver, and it can even be deadly. Other preeclampsia symptoms include nausea and/or abdominal pain, headache, difficulty breathing, abdominal pain, blurred vision and water retention.
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Lymphedema
Lymphedema is a condition that results in fluid build-up when the lymph system of the body is blocked or damaged.
Cancer and cancer treatment are two potential causes of lymphedema. When lymph fluid is trapped, legs, feet, and arms may swell. Lymphedema treatment involves performing certain exercises to help move lymph throughout the body. Lymphatic massage is another treatment for lymphedema.
A pneumatic compression device is a machine that pumps air into a sleeve placed over an arm or a leg. The pressure exerted on the limb facilitates the movement of lymph and helps relieve swelling, but the root cause should be treated.
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Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Blood travels back to the heart with the help of one-way valves in veins that assist the forward movement of blood. These valves may become damaged with aging or when a person sits or stands for long periods of time.
Damaged valves may cause chronic venous insufficiency, a condition in which blood pools in the lower legs, causing swollen feet and ankles.
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is another common cause of chronic venous insufficiency. Tumors and vascular malformations are other less common causes of chronic venous insufficiency. Chronic venous insufficiency symptoms include skin discoloration, swollen blood vessels, and swelling in the extremities.
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Heart Failure
Heart failure is a condition in which the heart does not pump blood efficiently. This results in impaired blood flow, and blood may pool in the legs and feet. Heart failure makes it uncomfortable to lie down flat. It also causes the heart to beat more rapidly or even at an abnormal rhythm. People with heart failure may feel like they cannot catch their breath.
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Kidney Disease
Our kidneys filter our blood from toxins and waist/impurities and help regulate our blood pressure.
Diabetes and high blood pressure may affect kidney function, resulting in electrolyte imbalances in your blood that can lead to fluid retention. Gravity draws excess water in your body downward, so your lower legs and feet may become swollen. With kidney disease, swelling in the feet and hands is common.
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Liver Disease
The liver performs a critical function for the body by filtering waste products from the blood, converting food into different vitamins and sending them to the different organs.
Inflammation of the liver (hepatitis) or damage to the liver from drinking alcohol, sodas, beer etc., may cause scarring (cirrhosis). This can impair the liver’s ability to function. When the liver is not able to do its job, fluid may accumulate in the abdomen, legs, and feet, and areas that have excess fluid may appear swollen.
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P. S: This article is only for doctors having good knowledge about Homeopathy and allopathy, for learning purpose(s).
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Dr. Sayyad Qaisar Ahmed (MD {Ukraine}, DHMS), Abdominal Surgeries, Oncological surgeries, Gastroenterologist, Specialist Homeopathic Medicines.
Senior research officer at Dnepropetrovsk state medical academy Ukraine.
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